Assignment3 economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment3 economics - Essay Example When computed on an annual basis, CPI is seen to rise 4.8% during the entire year. Because of these developments in the economy, it is expected that the price of supplies and other miscellaneous expense incurred by the business organization also rises in accordance to the CPI. However, as the CPI measures only a common basket of commodity, the rise in expenditures might be bigger or smaller than CPI. Thus, the company's expenses in these goods can affect bottom line especially if prices are of our merchandise are held constant. It is therefore recommended that per unit price of merchandise increased in order to keep up with the rising expenditures. If not, net profit will fall and the company might be recording losses in the near future. The increase in the general price level is detrimental to the organization if unmatched by subsequent hike in our merchandise prices. Unemployment rate represents the percentage of unemployed individuals in an economy compared to the total labor force. In order to understand this term, it is essential to define the workforce. The entire labor force is consists of individuals from 16 years old and below retirement age who are actively looking for a job or employed. On the other hand, unemployed are those who are in the age bracket who are looking for a job in the past four weeks or those who had been laid-off (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008). During the past month, unemployment have declined by .3% meaning that there are less people who are looking for a job. The decline in unemployment undoubtedly means increase in the employment rate. When the number of people looking for a job declines, it often means that it is much harder to find individuals who will fill up the positions in our offices. In order for us to be able to gain applicants, I strongly suggest that we review our benefits and compensation packages in order for use to attract the best potential employees. Rising monetary rewards can be enticing to applicants. However, we should also take note of non-monetary compensation like recognition, work environment, and communication processes which are also considered by individuals who are looking for a job. Employment Cost Index indicates the rise of fall of the cost of employment in the economy. This is a highly watched economic variable as it typically gives business organizations an idea of how they should tailor their employees' salaries and other paid benefits according to how the whole economy is behaving (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008). The government reports that the ECI increases by .8% from March to April thus representing an increase in employment cost. It means that generally, employers are paying their employees .8% higher monthly or 9.6% annually. In order to keep up with this development, our company should also increase our employees' compensation together with other paid benefits in order to reduce the risk of employee turnover. This often happens when employees are not well compensated and there are opportunities in the market which offers them more benefits. However, this will affecting our bottom line as it will irrefutably increase expenditures that we shoulder. Thus, it is recommended that we also increase the price of our products and services in order to maintain our profitability. Productivity refers to the resources generated by the company's resources, per unit of input. A business

Chapter 54 Essay Example for Free

Chapter 54 Essay Chapter 54: Community Ecology Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1.What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community. 2.This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Type of Competition Explanation Example Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition 3.What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example. 4.Define ecological niche. 5.Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.) 6.What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche? 7. Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.) 8.Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Prey Animal Animal Animal Plant Fungus Animal Bacteria Animal Fungus Example Plant 9.List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food. 10.List three ways prey species elude predators. 11.Compare the two types of mimicry. Type of Mimicry Batesian MÃ ¼llerian Description Example 12.What is herbivory? 13.Did you list any special herbivore adaptations for predation in your response to question 9? Or plant adaptations to avoid herbivory? List two adaptations for each category here. 14.Describe and give an example of each of the following interactions: Type of Interaction Description Example symbiosis parasitism commensalism mutualism 15.Which category above includes the other three? Note that other texts may define this term more narrowly. 16.Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction predation commensalism mutualism parasitism interspecific competition herbivory +/+, +/–, –/–, +/0 17.What is species diversity? What are its two components? Why is it important? 18.What does an ecologist summarize in a food web? 19.Know the levels of trophic structure in food chains. Give a food chain here, including four links that might be found in a prairie community, and tell the level for each organism. 20.Name every organism in the pictured food chain, and give the trophic level in the box. 21.According to the energetic hypothesis, why are food chains limited in length? How much energy is typically transferred to each higher level? 22.What is a dominant species? For the area where you live, what would be considered a dominant tree species? 24.Name one keystone species, and explain the effect its removal has on the ecosystem. 25.Explain facilitator or foundation species and give an example. You may omit bottom-up and top-down controls. Concept 54.3- Disturbance influences species diversity and composition 26. What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Give an example of a disturbance event, and explain the effect it has on the community. 27.Ecological succession is the changes in species that occupy an area after a disturbance. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Concept 54.4 Biogeographic factors affect community biodiversity 28. Explain latitudinal gradients in terms of species richness. Where is species richness greatest? 29.There are probably two key factors in latitudinal gradients. List and explain both here, and put a star next to the one that is probably the primary cause of the latitudinal difference in biodiversity. 30.Explain what is demonstrated by a species-area curve. 31.Renowned American ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson developed a model of island biogeography. While the model can be demonstrated with islands, any isolated habitat represents an island. What are the two factors that determine the number of species on the island? 32.What two physical features of the island affect immigration and extinction rates? 33.Why do small islands have lower immigration rates? Higher extinction rates? 34.Closer islands have 35.What is the island equilibrium model? 36.Use this model to describe how an island’s size and distance from the mainland affect the island’s species richness. extinction rates and immigration rates. Concept 54.4 Community ecology is useful for understanding pathogen life cycles and controlling human disease 37.Let’s pull a couple of ideas from this section: What is a pathogen? 38.What is a zoonotic pathogen? List three examples. 39.What is a vector? List three examples.

How to Read a Roman Portrait :: Roman Portraiture

Roman portraiture is more realistic than previous idealistic Hellanistic styles. They better depict each subject’s individuality to a degree never seen before. The purpose of Roman portraiture is to address the audience and convey specific messages to them. Each Roman portrait is an imperial commemorative relief and are representations of each subject’s ideology in ruling. The Roman portraits allegorically communicate these ideologies through the veristic image of the ruler. The portrayals of their emotions are also pragmatic. The way the leader’s image is portrayed, (i.e. by the way they choose to wear their hair and beard), depicts how their leadership will be perceived. Augustus’s statue portrayed him as an individualistic faction leader and tended to be more idealistic. For example, although he did start ruling as a youth, at the age of 18, his face was, continually, throughout his life, shown with youthfulness and vibrancy. He also had an archetypal body type of a hero and is shown with the omission of his boots, a reference to the ideal heroic statue. Lastly, there is a dolphin riding Cupid at his ankle which reminded the viewer that he was of divine descent. However, there was a limit to which he could exalt himself. He could not promote his individual character and will above the Roman public which would call for distrust and resentment. On the contrary, other portraits tend to be more veristic in style, humbling the subject. Their portraits tend to call to attention their service to the state and faithfulness to the constitution of the republic as opposed to their individual greatness or divinity. This was shown through their crude images of wear and tear in their expressions. For example, in the portraiture of the unknown republican shows him balding and toothless, aged and wrinkled. His character reflects that of a grim and haggard state from the agonies and stress of a Roman civil war. Although each imperial relief may differ, there are organized central motifs which surround them. These themes include: â€Å"pietas in the scenes of sacrifice, clementia in the scenes of pardon, extended to supplicating barbarians, virtus in the scenes of military conquest, concordia in the scenes of address and counsel† –Nodelman, p19, which are the common criteria upon which a emperor is fit to rule.

Developmental disorders of renal disease

Some of the common developmental kidney disorders include polycystic kidney disease, congenital nephrotic disease, nephroblastoma, renal agenesis, duplication anomalies, fusion anomalies, malrotation, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, renal dysplasia, renal hypoplasia, etc. Congenital nephrotic disease is an inherited disorder that may present at birth in which the infant has proteins present in the urine (proteinuria) along with swelling of the body (oedema). The condition is rare and is usually found in children born in Finnish families. Children born with the disorder have a protein found in the urine, known as ‘nephrin’.Several substances such as proteins, fats, blood proteins, etc are excreted in the urine. The individuals develops several symptoms including swelling, low birth weight, malnutrion, kidney failure, poor appetite, infections, presence of blood in the urine, poor general health, cloudy appearance of the urine, etc (Charytan, 2006). Nephroblastoma o r ‘Wilm’s tumour’ is a condition characterised by the formation of a malignant tumour in the kidney. It commonly occurs in infants and children. Wilm’s tumour is a very frequent tumour that develops in the abdomen in children.The condition is frequently related to other birth defects such as urinary tract abnormalities, enlargement of one half of the body, missing iris, etc. As the condition is more frequent in identical twins, it is considered to have a genetic link. The tumour seldom spreads to the other parts of the body. One in every 200, 000 children develop this disorder. The child may develop several symptoms including abdominal pain and swelling, presence of blood in the urine, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, malaise, hypertension, constipation, cloudiness of the urine, etc (Nanda, 2006).Polycystic renal disease (Cystic renal development disorder) is a familial condition in which the affect individuals develop cysts in the kidney. The co ndition is an autosomal dominant condition and the symptoms less frequently develop in childhood. One in every 1000 develops the symptoms of polycystic renal disease. In childhood, an autosomal recessive version of polycystic renal disease can also develop. The child may develop severe symptoms along with renal failure with a fatal outcome. Lung function insufficiency is another frequent complication that can result in death.The common symptoms of polycystic renal disease include abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, presence of blood in urine, flank pain, excessive passage of urine, drowsiness, hypertension, joint pain and swelling, nail defects, cysts in other portions of the body such as testis, liver and pancreas, colon defects, swelling of the kidneys, bile duct defects, portal hypertension, fibrosis, brain abnormalities, kidney stones, anaemia, frequent urinary tract infections, renal failure, liver failure, rupture and bleeding of the cysts, etc. The child has a positive family history of polycystic renal disorder.The exact manner in which multiple cysts are formed in the kidney is not understood clearly. However, a genetic cause has been outlined. Once the kidney cysts are formed, they tend to swell, resulting in deterioration of the kidney function. The individual develops several symptoms (Silberberg, 2007). Renal agenesis is a condition in which the kidneys fail to develop. It can occur unilaterally as well as bilaterally. In the bilateral form, several other conditions such as pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial defects, limb abnormalities, etc, occur resulting in fatal outcomes.In the unilateral form, the individual develops trigone and ureteral orifice defects, absence of the ureter, etc. This form is less severe compared to the bilateral version. The individual can survive provided the kidney function is managed appropriately (Merck, 2005). Duplication anomalies are conditions in which the individual develops extra collecting systems. Th is may affect one kidney or both, and may involve the ureter, calyx, ureteral orifice and the renal pelvis. These conditions have to be treated very carefully depending on the extent to which function is affected (Merck, 2005).Fusion anomalies are conditions in which the kidneys are united to one another. However, the ureters are separate and enter the bladder on either side. Several conditions such as vesicoureteral reflux, congenital renal cystic dysplasia, etc, tend to occur more frequently with fusion anomalies. A condition known as ‘horseshoe kidneys’ is characterised by the fusion of the renal parenchyma bilaterally. It is one of the most common kidney fusion abnormalities. The ureters tend to function normally. Sometimes the point at which the renal pelvis is united to the ureter is abnormal resulting in urinary obstruction.The second most common kidney union anomaly is ‘crossed fused renal ectopia’ in which the kidneys are present on one of the body , and the ureter crosses the midline of the body and empties into the bladder of the either side. Pancake kidney or ‘fused pelvic kidney’ is a condition in which the kidney is single or fused and is emptied into 2 ureters and collecting systems (Merck, 2005). In multicystic dysplastic kidney, the kidneys consist of multiple cysts, cartilage, primitive tubules, and multiple cysts. The individual develops several symptoms such as infection, swelling, hypertension, etc.Renal dysplasia is a condition in which the renal tubules, vasculature, collecting tubules, etc, develop abnormally, resulting in distortion of the normal kidney function. In renal ectopia, the kidneys are not placed in their exact anatomical position resulting in several problems such as obstruction. Renal hypoplasia is a condition in which the ureteral bud gives rise to an underdeveloped and small kidney. However, the size of the nephrons is normal. The individual can develop hypertension (Merck, 2005). Ur eterocele is a condition in which the ureter is enlarged at the point it is inserted into the bladder.At this point, the flow of urine into the bladder is seriously affected resulting in obstruction and hydronephrosis. In neurogenic bladder, due to a defect in the spine at the lumbosacral region, the nerves that supply the bladder are affected resulting in improper drainage of the bladder. The individual is at a risk of developing several problems such vesicureteral reflux, infection, renal hypertension, scarring, renal failure, etc. Hydronephrosis is a condition in which the ureter and the collecting system are dilated (Conley, 2007). References: Charytan, D. M. (2006). â€Å"Congenital nephrotic syndrome.† Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Medline Plus Web site: http://wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001576.htm Conley, S. B. (2007). â€Å"Congenital kidney diseases.† Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Alberta University Web site: http://cnserver0.nkf.med.ualberta.ca/nephkids/congdiseases.htm Merck (2005). â€Å"Renal Anomalies.† Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Merck Web site: http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec19/ch290/ch290b.html Nanda, R. (2006). â€Å"Wilms tumor.† Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Medline Plus Web site: http://wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001575.htm Silberberg, C. (2007). â€Å"Polycystic kidney disease.† Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from   Medline Plus Web site: http://wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000502.htm

Internet Cafe Management System

Cost reduction is the process used by companies to reduce their costs and increase their profits. Depending on a company’s services or Product, the strategies can vary. Every decision in the product development process affects cost. Companies typically launch a new product without focusing too much on cost. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. In linear programming, reduced cost, or opportunity cost, is the amount by which an objective function coefficient would have to improve (so increase for maximization problem, decrease for minimization problem) before it would be possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution. It is the cost for increasing a variable by a small amount, i. e. , the first derivative from a certain point on the polyhedron that constrains the problem. When the point is a vertex in the polyhedron, the variable with the most extreme cost, negatively for minimisation and positively maximisation, is sometimes referred to as the steepest edge. Given a system minimize subject to , the reduced cost vector can be computed as , where is the dual cost vector. It follows directly that for a minimisation problem, any non-basic variables at their lower bounds with strictly negative reduced costs are eligible to enter that basis, while any basic variables must have a reduced cost that is exactly 0. For a maximisation problem, the non-basic variables at their lower bounds that are eligible for entering the basis have a strictly positive reduced cost. Business process re-engineering is a business management strategy, originally pioneered in the early 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of workflows and processes within an organization. BPR aimed to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world-class competitors. [1] In the mid-1990s, as many as 60% of the Fortune 500 companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. [2] BPR seeks to help companies radically restructure their organizations by focusing on the ground-up design of their business processes. According to Davenport (1990) a business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering emphasized a holistic focus on business objectives and how processes related to them, encouraging full-scale recreation of processes rather than iterative optimization of subprocesses. [1] Business process re-engineering is also known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management.

Pleasing Words

Pleasing Words Pleasing Words Pleasing Words By Mark Nichol The Latin verb placere, meaning â€Å"be acceptable† or â€Å"be liked,† is the source of a number of English words pertaining to agreeability. This post lists and defines these terms. The verb please, meaning â€Å"be agreeable,† is from plaisir, the Old French intermediary of placere, which is also the origin of pleasure, meaning â€Å"give pleasure to† and, as a noun, â€Å"enjoyment† or â€Å"something enjoyed.† (The synonym pleasance is rare.) Please, as an adverb, also precedes or follows a request (â€Å"Please close the door†) or an affirmation (â€Å"Yes, please†) to make it more courteous but can also express derision (â€Å"Oh, please†). The antonyms of the verb and noun, respectively, are displease and displeasure. Something that pleases is pleasing, and someone who pleases is a pleaser. Placebo was adopted directly from a Latin term meaning â€Å"I will please.† The word refers to a substance given to a patient for mental rather than physical relief (because the patient is deceived into thinking that the placebo will have an effect on an imagined or exaggerated condition). It also applies to a similarly innocuous substance given to members of a control group in an experiment to help evaluate the effectiveness of a drug taken by test subjects; if the drug is determined to be more effective than the placebo, it is efficacious. Another close relative is the adjective pleasant, meaning â€Å"agreeable,† the antonym of which is unpleasant. A pleasantry is a polite remark made during a social occasion, or a humorous or playful one. Meanwhile, plea is also descended from placere, by way of placitum, meaning â€Å"decree† or â€Å"opinion†; the evolution of the sense is from â€Å"something agreed on because it pleases† to â€Å"something decided.† The verb form, plead, originally applied exclusively to making a plea in court but was later extended to apply to an urgent request; pleading developed as a noun from the first sense, describing the act of arguing a case. Complacence originally meant â€Å"pleasure† but came to pertain to a lack of concern or to self-satisfaction; the variation complacency has the negative connotation of clueless complacence. The homophone complaisance is a direct borrowing from Middle French meaning â€Å"desire to please.† The adjectival forms are complacent and complaisant. Placid, from placere by way of placidus, meaning â€Å"peaceful,† retains the Latin meaning. (The noun form is placidity.) The Latin verb placare, meaning â€Å"appease† or â€Å"assuage,† is related; it is the source of placate, which retains those meanings. The adjectival form is placatory, and the act is called placation. Placable is an alternative adjective, though it is rare; the antonym, implacable, is more common. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?30 Words for Small Amounts

The Destruction of China by British Ambition Essays

The Destruction of China by British Ambition Essays The Destruction of China by British Ambition Paper The Destruction of China by British Ambition Paper The Destruction of China by British Ambition The events of the Opium War, which occurred between China and Britain during the late 18th and 19th century, placed China in a position which easily allowed the exploitation of the countrys national finances, resources, and culture. The usage of opium, as well as the ongoing battle which occurred as a direct result of British action, was the cause of death for thousands of Chinese. The many conflicts and extensive exploitation of China by Britain regarding the opium trade was the beginning of a horrific period for China. A period which would come to be know as the Century of Shame. This paper will show how the actions of the British during the years of the Opium War nearly caused the complete destruction of China and its culture through and in depth look at the Chinese economic and political situation, as well as the Treaty of Nanjing. Opium, which was widely in use by the general populace of China and the rest of world at this point i n history, was favoured by physicians as both a painkiller and a relaxant. Doctors of the era preferred the use of opium to that of morphine due to the apparent lack of side effects. Initially, recreational use of opium was relegated to only upper class society. The emperor of China outlawed recreational usage of opium during the 17th Century, however, the British began to import opium to China in the 1770s. The opium, which was imported by Britain from India, supposedly came from the East India tradingCompany, which was actually run by the Brits. In order to smuggle the opium in to China, Britain employed the usage of heavily armed row boats which could be quickly maneuvered by the crew of roughly 60 to 70 men. In response to protest from China regarding the opium smuggling, Britain would simply deny any knowledge of the narcotic. The Canton System ruled the economic trade policies of the time in China. British merchants des

Learn the French Conjugations for Présenter (to Present)

Learn the French Conjugations for Prà ©senter (to Present) The French verb  prà ©senter  means to introduce or to present. While its easy enough to remember because its similar to the English, you will still need to conjugate it to say presented or introducing. The good news is that this is a regular verb and a brief lesson will introduce you to its most important conjugations.   The Basic Conjugations of  Prà ©senter French verb conjugations tend to worry French students because you have so many words to memorize. Where English gives us only a few verb forms for the present, future, and past tenses, French gives us a new word for each subject pronoun within each tense. However, with a word like  prà ©senter, which  is a  regular -er verb, the conjugations are just a little easier. Thats because it follows the most common conjugation pattern found in the French language. If youve studied a few verbs already, the endings you see here should look familiar. The indicative verb mood is the most common and it includes the basic tenses youll need for most conversations. Using the chart, you can find the appropriate conjugation that corresponds to the subject and the tense of your sentence. As an example,  je prà ©sente  means I am presenting while  nous prà ©sentions  means we introduced. Present Future Imperfect je prsente prsenterai prsentais tu prsentes prsenteras prsentais il prsente prsentera prsentait nous prsentons prsenterons prsentions vous prsentez prsenterez prsentiez ils prsentent prsenteront prsentaient The Present Participle of  Prà ©senter For regular verbs, forming the  present participle  is simple. Just add  -ant  to the verb stem and you have the word  prà ©sentant. Prà ©senter  in the Compound Past Tense While you can use the imperfect for the past tense, you may find the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  easier to remember. This is a compound that requires the  past participle  prà ©sentà ©, which tells us that the act of introducing has already happened. The only conjugation you need to worry about here is transforming  the auxiliary verb  avoir  into the present tense. Youll then follow that with  prà ©sentà ©. For example, I introduced is  jai prà ©sentà ©Ã‚  and we introduced is  nous avons prà ©sentà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Prà ©senter While the forms of  prà ©senter  above should be your focus at first, there are a few more simple conjugations you may need at times. For example,  the subjunctive  is helpful when you need to question the act of introducing and  the conditional  is used when its dependent on something else. Both  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary forms and typically only found in written French. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je prsente prsenterais prsentai prsentasse tu prsentes prsenterais prsentas prsentasses il prsente prsenterait prsenta prsentt nous prsentions prsenterions prsentmes prsentassions vous prsentiez prsenteriez prsenttes prsentassiez ils prsentent prsenteraient prsentrent prsentassent You may not need  the imperative  for a verb like  prà ©senter  often, but its good to know that when you do use it the subject pronoun is not required. Imperative (tu) prsente (nous) prsentons (vous) prsentez

The Theme Of Fame In Ex-Basketball Player By John Updike Essay

The Theme Of Fame In Ex-Basketball Player By John Updike - Essay Example Pearl Avenue in the poem symbolically represents the road to success, which is, according to the author, a hard one to follow. It has many â€Å"bends† and it â€Å"stops† and â€Å"cuts off† in many places, thus making it a difficult path to traverse. Nature does endow human beings with many talents. However, all the people who are gifted with such talents do not become famous and it transpires that achieving fame is not an easy task. Thus, by using the symbol of Pearl Avenue, to represent the road to fame, the author contends that humans cannot attain fame easily. This is the reason why, despite being a gifted player, Flick is not able to attain real fame. This is one of the main ideas that Updike wants to convey the theme of fame in this poem.In an interview, the author admits that most of his stories derive from his â€Å"interest in the phenomenon of an athlete outliving his time†. In the instant case, Flick does not remain totally committed to his ca ll. Though he is shown as a highly gifted player, whose â€Å"hands were like wild birds† and whom â€Å"the ball loved,† he fails to maintain the cutting edge of performance, and, therefore, his fame vanishes. Thus, the author implies that simply by being talented, an athlete cannot sustain the fame. On the other hand, he or she needs to remain dedicated to the game and continuously improve his or her performance. This is the second idea about fame that the author wants to communicate to his audience through this poem.

SABMiller Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SABMiller Analysis - Case Study Example The external environment for SABMiller in 2010 was conflicted by the inability to differentiate certain products in its portfolio of brands, namely the light beer categories, which accounts for 40 percent of total beer sales in the U.S; a significant volume. In Western Europe, well-established premium brands were estimated to be driving consumer demand based on their buying trends. This was a difficulty considering that new executive leadership worked toward reducing the Miller brand portfolio from 50 down to just 10 or 12 products. Divestment of premium brands that occurred during the earlier part of the 2000s seemed to limit the ability of SABMiller to re-establish brand presence for low-performing beer. Clearly, SABMiller is affected by the consumer behaviour preferences driven by trends or consumption patterns and must reengineer processes to meet these changing demands. In 2010, it was also clear that SABMiller is impacted by events in the external market, such as South African AIDS pandemics, confidence in certain currency markets related to the stock market and trading, and other events that limit their short-term potential to gain revenue and/or market share. However, SABMiller understood these limitations and worked to leverage other activities to the best of their ability, especially considering that some external events like the AIDS scenario was completely outside of the control of strategic leadership and focus. Additionally, the external market was driven by joint ventures from some of the major players in the beer industry, thus limiting the ability to consider this a quality strategy that had once served them well, such as with Coors and other brands. Even though these had short-term revenue opportunities and cost reduction improvements, or streamlining operational functions, their long-term value was diminishing. The external market provided opportunities to combine resources with competition, however this strategy has long-term brand problems at the marketing level when similarly-priced products in a joint venture are competing with one another. Thus, finding new opportunities based on the external market characteristics were becoming increasingly difficult to innovate and implement. SABMiller’s competitive advantage SABMiller’s competitive advantage had been the ability to coordinate resources for acquisitions in order to extend their portfolio of brands across Europe, em erging economies and the United States. This drove considerable success from 2001 until 2009, such as the acquisition of Grolsch, Sarmat Brewery in the Ukraine, and multiple brewery purchases in the Chinese market. As indicated by the company’s cash flow statements, the improvement in total brand portfolios gave it more resources to seek acquisitions as a strategy for long-term growth and opportunity in emerging economies and locally. SABMiller fits the profile of a strategic leader when it comes to seeking opportunity through acquisition and divesting poor performing brands when required through external analysis and business process reengineering.

Plato's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plato's - Essay Example This theory is actually very crucial in explaining Plato’s epistemological position. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that explains knowledge. This branch of philosophy seeks an explanation of the characteristics that can be used to distinguish the knowledge that is adequate and the one that is inadequate. Epistemological positions are views of philosophers about the issue of what constitutes adequate and inadequate knowledge. Rationalism is one of the epistemological positions that dominate philosophy. According to Heylighen (par. 3), rationalism is viewing knowledge as a product of rational reflection. The rational reflection is a product of personal innate experience that an individual develops over time. Plato’s general rationalism is the basis of Plato’s epistemological position. According to this rationalism, knowledge is an awareness of absolute, universal ideas or forms that exist independent of subject (Heylighen par. 2). This rationalism identifies what could be philosophically regarded as knowledge according to Plato. The thesis of this paper is that this methodology used by Plato was successful in identifying what could be regarded as knowledge regardless of subjects. This thesis is explained and evaluated in the remaining part of the paper. Plato views knowledge from an angle different from other philosophers. According to Scaltsas (1), Plato views knowledge as a mental power that is very different from other mental powers like opinion, sight, and hearing. This is because of its unique ability to influence other mental powers. It is knowledge that enhances interpretation of information acquired through hearing and seeing. This shows that knowledge is a much stronger mental power compared to these other mental powers. Moreover, Plato in his theory of knowledge draws a distinction between things and form. He perceives things as aspects of reality perceived through senses

Application of Psychology on Leadership and Management Essay

Application of Psychology on Leadership and Management - Essay Example In those theories, the theorists who were of diverse professional backgrounds came up with â€Å"frames within which they explained human personality, what dictated the kind of personality that one would possess and the characteristics of those various personalities† (Tjosvol and Tjosvol 7). Psychologists endeavor to explain why people with the same heredity (from the same mother and/or father) and same environment react differently. They also explain why people of different heredity and past life experiences may sometimes react in the same manner in a similar environment. There are different theories all of which endeavor to explain human personality. Tjosvol and Tjosvol widely studied the major groups of theories that study people’s personality such as trait, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanist and social learning (9). They embrace different approaches, for example, the biological theories that suggest that the genetics of an individual are responsible for a person’s personality. This involves heritability which suggests that there is a link between a person’s traits and the genetics. Behavioral theorists, on the other hand, explain that the personality of a person is dictated by the environment in which the individual stays. Tjosvol and Tjosvol studied that behavioral theorists study the measurable and observable behaviors of individuals by explaining that personality is adopted from the friends with whom one hangs most of the time (6). It is based on the belief that behavior and by far personality is a result/product of the fu se between an individual’s genetics and the environment. Psychoanalysis is the oldest theory of personality and is based on the Sigmund Freud’s arguments and analysis of human personality. From this theory, personality is based on psychic energy (libido) and the unconscious. The man slowly develops from the id to the ego and finally to the superego which forms the basic structure of the human personality.  

Historiographical Survey of Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Historiographical Survey of Nazi Germany - Essay Example Moreover, the country lead by Hitler was called as Nazi Germany which was one of the most powerful countries in that era. There are many aspects of Nazi Germany which can be discussed and there are many factors and questions which can be raised in this topic. As the twentieth century is filled with revolutions, the movement of Nazi Germany is also considered as or can be perceived as a â€Å"Revolution† and Hitler being the â€Å"Revolutionist† for some people because it was the time when Germany was â€Å"Progressing† economically and militarily. Even though Nazi Germany and policies made by Hitler could be perceived as â€Å"Revolution† for some people, however, the movement of Nazi Germany was not a revolution because it was not well supported and appreciated by the people of the country. The debate of â€Å"Nazi Germany as a Revolution† is really important because it was the Nazi Germany which was one of the most prominent causes of world war tw o. Moreover, it was actually lead by an ideology called as â€Å"Fascism† on the basis of which the movement of Nazi Germany got its support from the people. In this way, this debate is also very important because it involves an ideology which was affecting not only the political but economic aspects of Japan, Italy, Austria and Germany. Furthermore, one of the most important features of Fascism and Fascist Nazi Germany headed by Adolf Hitler is that the economy tends to be independent from other countries and the economic needs of the country must be fulfilled y its own money and resources. In this way, the country also tends to be economically independent for its progress. In this way, the debate over Nazi Germany is very important because it was fascism and fascist Nazi policies due to which the economy of Germany was growing so fast. On the other hand, this debate over Nazi Germany also deals with the matter of the fact that their ideology known as â€Å"Fascism† w as totally opposite to that of communism and, later on, Germany fought with the Soviet Union which was a Communist regime. Besides this, the importance of this debate can also be estimated by the by the fact that it was Nazi Germany which started Second World War in which Nuclear Bomb was used for the first time in the history of human kind in which a large number of people were killed out of whom 22,565 are still alive. So this was the Germany itself which challenged the world and destroyed itself, and eventually leaving the rest of the world for the Cold War between Communism and Capitalism. Besides this, the debate over Nazi Germany is also very important because it involves and discusses the brutality over the Jews and, hence, teaches the younger generation about tolerance for the diversity of beliefs and equality for the people of all religions. Another important question can also be that even if it was a revolution then whether it was supported by bourgeoisie according to the Marxist view point (Henry, 185) or it was supported by the common masses of all classes? 1 The debate over the very controversial issue â€Å"Nazi as a Revolution† involves many questions and aspects which can be argued and discussed. For example, an 2important question surrounding this debate is that was Nazi policies and movement supported by the people of Germany? Similarly there are also many other questions surrounding this debate such as the question about the formation and building block of

Christian Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Christian Counseling - Essay Example This is the reason why church counseling had been given birth. The issues that could be addressed by individuals towards the church are not limited. The fact that the authorities of the church are believed to have been continuously assisted by God in all their ways, it could not be denied that the assistance they provide believing individuals is indeed practical and applicable. People spend millions of dollars on self-help books and professional counseling. While the advice thus found may sometimes be helpful, a Christian's faith leads him to a far better source of aid. Says James: "So, if any one of you is lacking in wisdom, let him keep on asking God, for he gives generously to all and without reproaching; and it will be given him. But let him keep on asking in faith, not doubting at all, for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven by the wind and blown about." (James 1:5,6) A Christian's faith is the guarantee that such divine aid will be provided. He has no hesitancy about approaching God in this way, for 'he has this freeness of speech and an approach with confidence through his faith in [Christ].'(Ephesians 3:12) True, the degree that professional counselors garnered from their respective universities cannot be denied to have a certain level of high standard when it comes to dealing with individuals who are having problems of different sorts. However, this truth cannot also be denied of the fact that their counseling procedures are based upon the capability of humans to resolve their issues. How the Church Handles Counseling On the contrary, the church relies on the most powerful source of knowledge and practical counsel, the Bible. Admittedly, the direction God gives people can at times seem difficult, perhaps even impossible-to implement. Abraham, for example, received God's promise that he and his wife were to have a son. Considering the fact that their reproductive powers were 'dead,' attempting to have this child seemed futile. Yet, says Paul: "Although [Abraham] did not grow weak in faith, he considered his own body, now already deadened, as he was about one hundred years old, also the deadness of the womb of Sarah. But because of the promise of God he did not waver in a lack of faith, but became powerful by his faith, giving God glory and being fully convinced that what he had promised he was also able to do." (Romans 4:19-21) From Abraham's example, it could be noted that the only thing needed to have fine results from the Church's way of counseling is to have faith that these particular guidance assistances could lead to the betterment of the situations that each individual deals with at present. While God is not at this time performing such direct miracles, Christians today find

Historiographical Survey of Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Historiographical Survey of Nazi Germany - Essay Example Moreover, the country lead by Hitler was called as Nazi Germany which was one of the most powerful countries in that era. There are many aspects of Nazi Germany which can be discussed and there are many factors and questions which can be raised in this topic. As the twentieth century is filled with revolutions, the movement of Nazi Germany is also considered as or can be perceived as a â€Å"Revolution† and Hitler being the â€Å"Revolutionist† for some people because it was the time when Germany was â€Å"Progressing† economically and militarily. Even though Nazi Germany and policies made by Hitler could be perceived as â€Å"Revolution† for some people, however, the movement of Nazi Germany was not a revolution because it was not well supported and appreciated by the people of the country. The debate of â€Å"Nazi Germany as a Revolution† is really important because it was the Nazi Germany which was one of the most prominent causes of world war tw o. Moreover, it was actually lead by an ideology called as â€Å"Fascism† on the basis of which the movement of Nazi Germany got its support from the people. In this way, this debate is also very important because it involves an ideology which was affecting not only the political but economic aspects of Japan, Italy, Austria and Germany. Furthermore, one of the most important features of Fascism and Fascist Nazi Germany headed by Adolf Hitler is that the economy tends to be independent from other countries and the economic needs of the country must be fulfilled y its own money and resources. In this way, the country also tends to be economically independent for its progress. In this way, the debate over Nazi Germany is very important because it was fascism and fascist Nazi policies due to which the economy of Germany was growing so fast. On the other hand, this debate over Nazi Germany also deals with the matter of the fact that their ideology known as â€Å"Fascism† w as totally opposite to that of communism and, later on, Germany fought with the Soviet Union which was a Communist regime. Besides this, the importance of this debate can also be estimated by the by the fact that it was Nazi Germany which started Second World War in which Nuclear Bomb was used for the first time in the history of human kind in which a large number of people were killed out of whom 22,565 are still alive. So this was the Germany itself which challenged the world and destroyed itself, and eventually leaving the rest of the world for the Cold War between Communism and Capitalism. Besides this, the debate over Nazi Germany is also very important because it involves and discusses the brutality over the Jews and, hence, teaches the younger generation about tolerance for the diversity of beliefs and equality for the people of all religions. Another important question can also be that even if it was a revolution then whether it was supported by bourgeoisie according to the Marxist view point (Henry, 185) or it was supported by the common masses of all classes? 1 The debate over the very controversial issue â€Å"Nazi as a Revolution† involves many questions and aspects which can be argued and discussed. For example, an 2important question surrounding this debate is that was Nazi policies and movement supported by the people of Germany? Similarly there are also many other questions surrounding this debate such as the question about the formation and building block of

The utilization of ACE inhibitors in Congestive Cardiac Failure Essay

The utilization of ACE inhibitors in Congestive Cardiac Failure - Essay Example Renin release is followed by conversion of hepatic angiotensinogen to angiotensin I which is subsequently converted to angiotensinogen II by the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is found in high concentrations in the pulmonary circulation, systemic vasculature and kidney. Angiotensinogen in turn carries out two important independent actions to bring the hemostasis back to normal: the direct vasoconstrictve effect to improve the blood pressure and stimulation of adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone which results in sodium retention and potassium excretion. Aldosterone also responds to adrenocorticotrpic hormone (ACTH) and potassium excess for its release. The aldosterone action for sodium resorption by the distal convoluted involves the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR); the induction of the basolateral sodium-potassium ATPase pump and the apical sodium channel (Stewart pp1-10) (Weber 2001). Congestive cardiac failure is the condition when heart is unable to carry out its normal function of pumping blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body including vital organs, in other words there is an insufficient cardiac out to meet the demand of the body. Human body, initially, responses to this pathology by the expansion of the intravascular volume. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system comes into action to bring back the perfusion pressure and then maintain it. Renin stimulation increases the level of angiotensinogen II in the blood, which in turn increases the peripheral resistance to improve blood pressure and thus perfusion of the tissue. Secondly, it also stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone. Some other major stimuli, like angiotensinogen act to increase the secretion of aldosterone, which include: elevated potassium levels in exchange for sodium excretion and plasma corticotrophin level which increases in the congestive cardiac failure on long term basis. These two stimuli are very strong and eventually result in high levels of aldosterone in the circulation (Weber 2001) (Peterson 2002). Another factor which keeps aldosterone in very high concentration in the circulation is its decreased degradation in the liver because of reduced perfusion of liver in congestive cardiac failure. This reduction causes many fold increase in aldosterone level. So increase in angiotensinogen II due to overactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system results in the resorption of sodium from the proximal nephron and aldosterone release increases the resorption from the distal nephron. This also results in decreased serum level of potassium and magnesium. As body respond to the congestive cardiac failure on long-term basis so these changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may result in remodeling of various tissues in the body (Weber 2001). There are some morphological changes which occur as a result of the remodeling of various tissues. In response to increased aldosterone secretions, Na+ /K+-ATPase activity increases to maintain the osmolarity between extracellular and intracellular compartments. Some morphologic changes also occur resulting in perivascular, atrial and ventricular fibrosis. Thus may be due to increase in

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Ernest Hemingway probably summed it up best when he said, All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn (source). We’re dealing with quite a book here. Published in 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s follow-up to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, carved new territory into the American literary landscape in several ways. As one of the first novels to use a specific region’s vernacular in its narration, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn set a precedent for many other distinctly American works to follow. Some readers didn’t exactly get this new colloquial style, however. Accustomed to the proper prose of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, some readers didn’t know what to do with Huck’s particular way of storytelling. Aside from the novel’s new style of writing, Twain’s decision to use thirteen-year-old Huck as the narrator allowed him to include certain content that a more civilized narrator probably would have left out. At first, Twain’s novel was labeled crass by some readers. The book was even banned in schools for its use of the n-word which is ironic, given that the novel is up in arms over slavery. Even today, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn makes Banned Books lists. Look more:Â  social satire essay Twain’s novel jumped head first into one of the biggest issues of its day: racism. Although the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed over two decades before Huckleberry Finn’s original publication date, African-Americans everywhere were still victims of oppression and racism. They were technically free, but often by name only in Reconstruction-era America. Many southerners were bitter about the outcome of the Civil War. By guiding his characters through several states of the Confederacy, Twain was able to reveal the hypocrisy of many pre-war southern communities. As a southerner himself, Twain had first-hand experiences to draw on, and he was able to walk the fine line between realistic depiction and ironic farce. Not to mention, Twain created the now-iconic character of Jim, a runaway slave who convinces Huck that African-Americans are deserving of freedom, and that equality is a goal for which we all should be fighting. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is now considered to be one of the Great American Novels, mostly due to how it so heartily champions the American ideals of freedom, independence, and rugged individualism. Huck’s dedication to his own moral standards and his bold sense of adventure and self-sufficiency have earned him a place in the All-American Hall of Fame. In addition, Twain is a hilarious storyteller, and the plot of this novel is a roller-coaster ride of moral dilemmas – so trust us when we say that if you haven’t taken the ride yet, you probably should. Why Should I Care? Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn twenty years after the American Civil War. Slavery had been abolished, and the North and South were making up (albeit with some residual anger). So why publish a highly moralistic tale about a system that was no longer in place? Weren’t race issues a moot point once slavery was out of the picture? Hardly. Freedom didn’t mean equality by any means – not legally, socially, or practically. (See Shmoop Historys Jim Crow in America for more.) Actually, come to think of it, this isn’t an outdated notion at all. Rules and laws often don’t accurately reflect what’s really going on. From a legal standpoint today, we have equality of race; yet racism is still a problem. Men and women are equal, yet many still see a glass ceiling for women in the workplace, meaning they often have invisible boundaries to advancement. That doesn’t mean laws are useless. Laws may not immediately effect change, but we’ve seen that they do precede change. While laws can affect how people act, it takes more to change the way we think. We can’t rely on laws alone. That’s where The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn comes back into the picture. We need people like Mark Twain to remind us not to be self-congratulatory for starting a process in motion, but instead to realize that greater change is always necessary.

Right to Die Debate

Right to Die Debate Briana Rodriguez â€Å"At the moment when I find myself unable to fight, give me a right to die.†- Friedrich Engels. When dealing with terminally ill patients, the right to die is ones choice, and shouldn’t be determined by legal actions of the government. Many citizens of the United States argue about the right to die, and how to ethically and legally deal with this request, wanted by many terminally ill patients all around. The right to die is an ethical or legal entitlement for an individual to undergo voluntary euthanasia and commit suicide. Many patients with terminally illness often deal with the conclusion that their life will be coming to an end, due to lack of medical support. Many of these illnesses, from cancer to Lou Gehrig’s disease, are untreatable and the patient has to come to grips that they will die soon. The families slowly watch them die and the patient not only has to physically deal with the pains of their body slowly shutting down, but also has to subconsci ously deal with the pain they are causing around them as well. That is why the right to die should be permitted legally, for the patient’s physical and mental care and also for the families surrounding them. The list below is key concepts to supporting the idea that the right to die is ones choice and should be legally permitted by the government. Nancy Cruzan and Brittany Maynard Laws and Supreme Court Cases supporting the right to die Professional opinions and statistical facts The idea to legally be permitted the right to die has been around for decades. The most current involvement being Brittany Maynard. Who was told in April 2014, that she had a brain tumor and that in sixth months would die from it. She refused to allow it to kill her and refused to let her family watch her die. So instead, she achieved her bucket list, moved to Oregon and surrounded by all her loved ones in her home, died in November of that year. She quoted â€Å"when exactly is the right time to die?† http://listverse.com/2014/11/15/10-heartbreaking-right-to-die-cases/ Maynard’s death was as peaceful as falling asleep and there was no pain. There is no more proof needed to show that the right to die helps the patients more than physically but mentally, and not just themselves but their loved ones as well. No one wants to die, but given the circumstances, this is the best most peaceful way to go. It is unethical for the government to not allow this and inhumane to allow the patients to suffer when it could be so much more peaceful. There are cases all around the US, in which day to day people, deal with the reality that they are in fact dying. And some cases, the fact that the patients aren’t even dying, is where the right to die is needed. January 1983, Nancy Cruzan was hurt in a severe car accident. The paramedics saved her heart beat, and although she was alive, she suffered from many injuries. She was entirely oblivious to her surroundings, she was a spastic quadriplegic, her brain had degenerated, had irreversible tendon and muscle damage, and had no reflexive ability to either chew or swallow anything and would never gain the ability to do so. All this being sited on, www.euthanasia.com. She was in severe pain and could not, or wouldn’t ever be, able to do any type of day to day things needed to survive on her own. She was in an intense vegetative state, and would be till the day she died. This was the first time the US Supreme Court was given the right to die case. This particular case help s to support the other side, of the right to die act. It is in fact not just for patients who are coming to the ends of their life, but also for those who are suddenly put into an accident and will never again gain their ability to survive without machines. Some debate against the right to die, because they believe that the patient could possibly be saved and that there are certain â€Å"what ifs† and there could always be a chance things will change. But there are patients who were never sick and, due to life changing accidents, are now stuck in a vegetative state and will never again get to â€Å"live†. There are no â€Å"what ifs† for these people, and therefore they should have the absolute right to end their lives, due to the suffering of day to day living being too much. There are actually some cases in which the people have taken the cases further up into the Supreme Court; one US Supreme Court case being Washington v. Glucksberg. Washington criminally charges anyone who â€Å"knowingly causes or aids another person to commit suicide.† http://www.oyez.org. Glucksberg argued that denying a terminally ill person the right to die actually violates the Fourteenth amendment and denies a person the liberty to choose death over life if they wanted to. It was taken to court and decided that the right to assist suicide is not a liberty interest and is actually offensive to the traditions of our nation. Another case being Vacco v. Quill was also taken to the Supreme Court. â€Å"New York’s ban, while permitting patients to refuse lifesaving treatment on their own, has historically made it a crime for doctors to help patients commit or attempt suicide.† Sited from http://www.oyez.org/cases/1990-1999/1996_95_1858. Although these court cases were not ruled in favor, there are some legal actions that have been in favor and support the right to die. The Death with Dignity Act went into effect in 1994, legally allowing any â€Å"mentally competent, terminally-ill adult state residents to voluntarily request and receive a prescription medication to hasten their death†. http://deathwithdignity.org. That meaning it allows mentally sane and conscious citizens to be allowed to voluntary take euthanasia to end their suffering with their terminal illness. Many citizens all around the states, including the example of Maynard before, move to Oregon to peacefully receive the medication and be given the right to die. The public is very much associated with the voting on the right to die, although it is in much debate. On http://thehastingscenter.org/Publications/BriefingBook/Detail.aspx?id=2202 it states that when the public was asked whether or not physician-assisted death should be permitted approximately â€Å"two-thirds† of the entire population of the US is in fact, actually approve but only as an option for terminally ill patients who are in suffering and cannot be cured or help any longer. Statiscally proving that the population even believes in the right to die is ones choice. It should not be illegal and it should be permitted especially when the patient is in a great deal of suffering. It’s obvious that if a person’s in deep suffering, then a peaceful death should be the way to go, it is the only humane thing to do in order to help a person. Other statistics were found when asked by a field of people who specifically work with these types of patients; hospice nurses . When asked to complete the survey, taken from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsaa020562, â€Å"Forty-five percent had cared for a patient who requested .assistance with suicide.† And had â€Å"Eigty-two patients were had received perscriptions for lethal medication.† And â€Å"Seventy-seven percent of the request had been presented at a hospice interdisciplinary conference on patient care† Statiscally proving that terminally ill patients, who hospice nurses deal with every day, have asked and it is a question among the nurses. More and more people are hearing about the right to die and there are interest groups all around fighting for terminally ill patients, groups from National Hospice and Pallative Care Organization (NHPCO) and others more widely known like the Death with Dignity National Center(DDNC). More groups being sited on http://diglib.libary.vanderbilt.edu There are so many people who are dying and are suffering greatly but instead of being allowed to be put out their misery, they are instead prolonged their death and have to wait until every part of their body slowly shuts down one at a time. They then lose hearing, seeing, feeding and more until finally their heart finally stops. The patients are unable to do anything. Not only watch them deteriorate literally piece by piece, but also watch their loved ones grow depressed at watching them suffer. Dealing with death, is not an easy topic to discuss especially politically. But, the right to die is a person’s choice and the government should definitely not permit a person from doing so if it ends their suffering. Examples from Supreme Court Cases, to every day to day citizen, the right to die should be permitted. The government says a terminally ill patient does not have the legal right to kill themselves nor be assisted then who’s right is it? What must a person do to obtain their right to end their own suffering?

Permaculture: An Approach to Agriculture :: Farming Food Papers

Permaculture: An Approach to Agriculture "Without agriculture there will be immediate mass starvation, but with agriculture there will be a continual eroding away of the productive basis of human livelihood." -Wes Jackson (23) With the exception of some indigenous cultures where hunting and gathering is practiced, agriculture has been humans' primary source of food production for thousands of years. As time has passed, humans have furthered their knowledge of how agricultural systems work. This has resulted in a modern agriculture backed by hundreds of years of scientific research that seeks to ever increase the amount of food produced by a given acreage of land. Yet while modern agriculture is becoming more focused on efficiently producing food, it is not being followed with sensitivity to how it affects the environment and even the health of soils under its own feet. Since food production is in essence a focused natural process (growth of specific plants and animals), it is intrinsically dependent on the natural world and its systems. Thus, as Jackson points out in the above quote, an agricultural system unconcerned with environmental health is ignoring its very foundations. A majority of the world's food needs are currently being met by the modern production-focused agricultural system mentioned above. However, as the scientific community is finding more and more evidence of a link between environmental degradation and this type of agriculture, new methods of agriculture are being developed and practiced that focus equal attention to both environmental health and food production. One such model, permaculture, is rapidly gaining attention throughout the world due to its foundational proposal: intelligent and ecologically sensitive design of agricultural systems should naturally be more efficient and productive than the ecologically destructive conventional systems. Problems With Conventional Industrialized Agriculture

Overview on ZEN Works

Zero Effort Networks (Z.E.N. works) is a great new tool in NetWare 5, that makes the network administrator†s job a lot easier by allowing him to spend less time at each user workstation. To be able to use the Z.E.N. works these are the minimum hardware requirements: Processor: 486/33 or higher Memory: 16 MB (for Windows 95); 24 MB (for Windows NT) Hard disk space: 4 MB (workstation; 24 MB (full station) Z.E.N. works needs to be installed on the server and the client on the workstation needs to be updated. During the installation process Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) are copied to the workstation. DLLs contain subprograms that are called by an application to perform certain operations. Another utility that is included in Z.E.N. works to help the distribution and management of applications is the Application Launcher, which consists of four major components: Application objects in the NDS tree Application Launcher Window and Application object The snAppShot utility allows you take a â€Å"snapshot† of the Windows workstation before installing the application. The snapshot includes Registry settings along with the names of system and application files on the workstation. After the application has been installed, the snAppShot utility takes another picture of the workstation†s configuration and then uses the two snapshots to create an Application Object Template (AOT) file. The Application Launcher uses the AOT file to determine what Registry settings and system files need to be copied to the workstation to run the application from the network. In addition to including configuration settings and system file names, the AOT file also contains the name of the Application object and the path where you want to store the AOT and installation files. Consequently, before running the snAppShot utility, you need to define the name you want to use for the Application object and decide where the application and AOT files will be stored. The Application Launcher software consists of two components: the wrapper program and the launcher. The wrapper program determines which launcher program (NALW31.EXE, NALWIN32.EXE, or NAL.EXE) to run based on the client computer†s operating system. The launcher program then determines the Application objects to which the user has access and displays a window showing all applications the user has been authorized to run. When the user selects an application, the launcher determines whether the application is installed on the workstation. If this is the first time the user has run the application from this workstation, the application will automatically be installed using the AOT file created by the snAppShot utility. If Application Launcher senses that the application configuration has been damaged, or files are missing or corrupt, it will automatically correct the application configuration and copy and damaged or missing files.

Applied Performance Practices Study Guide

APPLIED PERFORMANCE PRACTICES * FINANCIAL REWARD PRACTICES >Financial Rewards- the most fundamental applied performance practice in organizational settings. >Pay has multiple meanings * Symbol of success * Reinforcer and motivator * Reflection of performance * Can reduce anxiety >Meaning of money varies * Higher value to men than women * Cultural values influence the meaning and value of money TYPES OF REWARDS IN THE WORKPLACE * Membership and Seniority * Job Status * Competencies * Performance 1. Membership- and Seniority- Based Rewards * Fixed wages, seniority increases. * (Sometimes called â€Å"pay for pulse†) represent the largest part of most paychecks. Sample Rewards: * Fixed pay * Most employee benefits * Paid time off Advantages: * May attract applicants * Minimizes stress of insecurity * Reduces turnover Disadvantages: * Doesn’t directly motivate performance * May discourages poor performers from leaving * Golden handcuffs may undermine performance 2. ) Job St atus-Based Rewards * Includes job evaluation and status perks. Job evaluation –systematically evaluating the worth of jobs within an organization by measuring their required skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. * Maintain feelings of equity (people in higher-valued jobs should get higher pay) and motivate employees to compete for promotion. Sample rewards: * Promotion-based pay increase * Status-based benefits Advantages: * Tries to maintain pay equity * Minimizes pay discrimination * Motivates employees to compete for promotion Disadvantages: Encourages hierarchy which may increase costs and reduce responsiveness * Reinforces status differences * Motivates job competition and exaggerated job worth. 3. ) Competencies-Based Rewards * Pay increases with competencies acquired and demonstrated * Employees now receive pay increases within each pay band partly based on how well they have acquired new knowledge and skills. * Skill-based pay-is a variation of compet ency-based rewards in which employees are rewarded for the number of skill modules mastered and consequently the number of jobs they can perform.Sample Rewards: * Pay income based on competency * Skill-based pay Advantages: * Improve workforce flexibility * Tends to improve quality * Consistent with employability Disadvantages: * Subjective measurement of competency * Skill-based pay plans are expensive 4. ) Performance-Based Rewards Here are some of the most popular individual, team and organizational performance-based rewards: * Individual Rewards * Bonuses- many employees receive individual bonuses for accomplishing a specific task or exceeding annual performance goals. Commissions- real estate agents and other salespeople typically earn commissions in which their pay increases with sales volume. * Piece rate systems reward employees based on the number of units produced. * Team Rewards * Bonuses- employees earn a bonus based on how well their store meets or exceeds specific fina ncial goals. * Gainsharing Plans- a reward system in which team members earn bonuses for reducing costs and increasing labor efficiency in their work process. * Organizational Rewards Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) – a reward system that encourages employees to buy stock in the company. * Stock Options- a reward system that gives employees the right to purchase company stock at a future date at a predetermined price. * Profit-sharing Plans- a reward system that pays bonuses to employees based on the previous year’s level of corporate profits. * Balanced Scorecard (BSC) – a reward system that pays bonuses for improved results on a composite of financial, customer, internal process and employee factors.

Warid.Ppt

Marketing Plan WARID TELECOM’S BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPANSION IN PAKISTAN SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR AHMAD QAMAR BY: 1. MOHAY-UD-DIN RUBBANI 2. MALIK WAHEED ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All glory and honor is for Allah, the Supreme Being who bestowed profound perseverance and ability on us to accomplish this work. We express our profound and cordial gratitude to offer thanks to our learned, kind and experienced teacher, Mr. Ahmad Qamar for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement through out the research. Grateful acknowledgement is due to Mr. Naveed Saeed GM Sales & Marketing & Miss Rubab of Warid Telecom for allowing us to carry out our research for the completion of this project. ? Special & Grateful acknowledgement goes to our parents who enable us to perform such activities. Table of contents 1. Executive summary 2. Warid Telecom †¢? An Introduction 3. Marketing Environment †¢? Competition †¢? Technology †¢? Financial †¢? Social & Demographic trends †¢? Legal 4. Target Market †¢? Consumer or Industrial †¢? Buying Characteristics †¢? Market Potential 5. Product Positioning 6. Product †¢? Stage of PLC †¢? Classification †¢? Core/Augmented product †¢? Packaging and Labeling †¢? Warranties and Services 7. Distribution †¢? Market Coverage †¢? Channel Structure †¢? Logistics/Physical Distribution 8. Pricing †¢? Mark-ups †¢? Discount/Allowance †¢? Pricing Strategies 9. Promotion †¢? Advertisement †¢? Role of Personal Selling †¢? Publicity and Public Relations †¢? Sales/Trade Promotion 10. Ethical issues associated with this product 11. International marketing activities/opportunities 12. Bibliography ? Executive Summary This report is based on WARID TELECOM which is a GSM service provider in Pakistan by Abu Dhabi Group. ne of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. Its services are admired by its ultimate customers in telecom as well as in banking field. ? This report is made by visiting different stores for the purpose of collecting the information about different aspects of the product i. e. , environmental factors, marketing mix, segmentation, positioning, distribution, pricing strategies, ethical issues, international marketing strategies and comments of the group about this product. WARID TELECOM: AN INTRODUCTION: Warid is an Arabic word meaning an Oasis in the middle of a desert. It is pronounced as Waa-rid. The meaning of our name directly depicts our dominant position and our refreshing services in the vast desert of telecommunication in Pakistan. Browse through our Portal to find out more about what Warid Telecom is all about, and become part of the true quality experience that we offer you. Warid Telecom has implemented a new and modern corporate identity as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the telecom industry in Pakistan. With a reflection of a new strategy, our aim is to be perceived not only as a telecommunication operator of voice services, but also as a universal provider of comprehensive communications services for both residential and business customers. Warid's corporate identity seeks to reflect the changes in telecom sector in relation to helping customers keep pace with rapidly changing technology in the field of communication, and to harmonize the customers' perception of our brand with the quality and range of our services. Our objective is to provide optimum level of support and care through our highly skilled and motivated team of professionals and through maximum network coverage and clear connectivity that we have committed to provide. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In present environment, Pakistan has gained growth rate of 18. 6% with 18,400,233 subscribers in mobile communication with in 05 years from 2000 to 2005 ? ? COMPETITION: Competition is there, mainly 06 companies are providing there cellular services in Pakistan (close competitors to one and other) 1. Warid 2. U-fone 3. Mobilink . Telenor 5. Paktel 6. Instaphone ? Following Table shows the Subscription Rate, which, help us to measure the clientele of these companies and their success with the pace of time ? SUBSCRIBERS: ? ?MobilinkUfonePaktelInstsphoneTelenorWaridTotalGrowth Rate 2000114,272 80,221112,000 306,49315. 39 2001309,272116,71196,623220,000 742,606142. 29 2002800,000 350,000218,536330,000 1,698,536128. 73 20031,115,000 550,000319,400 420 ,000 2,404,40041. 56 20043,215,989801,160470,021535,738 5,022,908108. 90 20057,469,0852,579,103924,486454,147835,727508,65512,771,203154. 6 Jul-05 14,119,25710. 56 Aug -05 15,511,0459. 7 Sept-059,010,8503,830,527954,528440,1591,200,9081,509,11116,946,0839. 2 Oct-05 18,400,23318. 6 (1) TECHNOLOGY: Warid is using â€Å"Ericsson† technology to provide telecom services in Pakistan. The basic features of its technology are: Billing: With Warid’s very simple billing procedures it makes sure that one is kept up-to-date with all the math that they do at their end. Warid offers one transparent billing and no nasty surprises. Its bill contains information like †¢? Warid to Warid call ? Local Calls to Other Operators †¢? International calls †¢? Local SMS with mobile no. and locality †¢? Incoming Calls †¢? Non charge able calls like emergency nos. & others †¢? Incoming SMS †¢? Warid information services SIM: Warid is currently providing SIM of 64 K (64 kilo byte) Warid’s comparison with others networks is given below; Mobile Service Provider: Technology: Frequency: Sim: Warid Ericson 900-1800MHZ 64K U-fone Huawei 900-1800MHZ 16-32K Mobilink Orascom 900-1800MHZ 08-16-32K Telenor Nokia Siemens 900-1800MHZ 32K Paktel N/A 900-1800MHZ 32K Instaphone Analog Service AMPS †¢ (2) FINANCIAL: Warid Telecom takes pride in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Group's major investments are in the following sector: 1. Oil and Gas Exploration, 2. Banking and financial Services 3. Automobile Industry, 4. Hospitality Services . Property Development, 6. Telecommunications Associated companies: Bank Alfalah Limited: Fully licensed commercial bank in Pakistan with over 70 branches in all the major financial centers of the country United Bank Limited: A leading commercial bank in Pakistan with a vast branch network of approximately 1,100 branches including 23 international branches, affiliates and representative offices in UAE, Bahrain, Qa tar, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Switzerland, UK and USA Alfalah Exchange Company: Fully licensed exchange company in Abu Dhabi ? Iranian Sanden Industries PJS Co: A joint venture with Sanden Singapore to manufacture car air conditioners in Iran. The project has the capacity to produce up to 300,000 air conditioning units per annum J. C. Maclean and Co †¢? Manufacturers of high quality furniture †¢? Neo Pharma LLC †¢? Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products National Telesystems and Services (NTS) A joint Venture with Bin Jaber Group Ltd. and Thales International Middle East Holding S. A. L. Al Jazira Management Mall Management joint venture Abu Dhabi Vegetable Oil Company Manufacturer of edible oils Nama Development Enterprises Representation of leading companies in the UAE in the field of oil and gas, engineering, equipment suppliers, consultants, etc Wholly Owned Properties and Companies Le Royal Meridien Hotel, Abu Dhabi Previously known as the Abu Dhabi Grand Hotel, was re-branded in 2003 as Le Royal Meridien Hotel. It is a 5-star Hotel in the heart of Abu Dhabi. It will soon be offering 300 deluxe rooms and suites and other facilities Dhabi Contracting A special category construction company Dhabi Drilling Offshore Rig operations in collaboration with Sedco Forex Al Ain Palace Hotel A 4-star hotel in Abu Dhabi Dhabi Enterprises Leasing Leasing a number of groups and real estate properties across Abu Dhabi SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: While looking at social needs of a family and having an eye on economy (as two to three and plus members of a family are using Hand-held phone) Warid has launched a family package named â€Å" FRIENDS AND FAMILY† ? ? ? ? FRIENDS AND FAMILY: Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post-Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. Demographically Warid has launched prepaid connections according to the ncome level market. Warid’s post-paid connections are meant for low-income level, young stars and young executives like its SILVE & GOLD packages. POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR LOW-INCOME LEVEL Package: Silver, Gold, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, ? ? ? ? POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR MIDDLE & HIGH INCOME-LEVEL Package: Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 5, 10, ? FOR LOW-LOWER INCOME-LEVEL For lower-lower income level Warid has launched its pre-paid connection i. e. ZEM. ? Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 0 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales LEGAL: According to Warid legally environment is fully protected TARGET MARKET: According to one of the representatives of Warid that Warid has divided its target market in to categories of A+, A-, B+, B-, C, D, E and F CATEGORIES: CHARACTERISTICS: A+ & A- Age group of 28 to 32, 40+ and of upper-income level (Urban) B+ & B - Age group of 22 to 27 and of lower-upper-income level (Urban) C Age group of 18 to 21 young stars (CORE TARGET) (Urban) D Age group of 13 to 17 and low lower income level all Ages(Urban) E & Users of Semi-urban areas (Has planned to launch) F Users of Rural Areas (Has planned to launch) ? ? Consumer or Industrial Warid is providing their packages at both levels. Consumer level is provided in this report, while, industrial level has variable domain, settled according to no. of connections and on the nature of packages according to line rents e. t. c. Buying Characteristics Warid is very much selective and stresses on value added purchases Market Potential Currently market is on SATURATION POINT as for Urban areas concern and as for as Rural Areas concern there is great POTENTIAL. Warid is going to launch its products in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas Product Positioning As Warid is new in the market of Pakistan and is still trying to make its position in the mind of customer better than existing big giant Mobilink. Although Warid is new in market but it has acquired a good position as for as Zero line rent post-paid connections and low rate pre-paid connections. In my point of view, as Warid launched its products in Pakistan with a MARKET PUSHER STRATEGY, while providing low rates, not only it has made its position better but also made other networks to reduce their prices. According to BCG matrix Warid falls under STARS, which shows its low market share and high growth rate. BCG model is given below, ? ? Product In market there are two basic categories of its product brands, which are ZAHI and ZEM. Zahi is meant for Post-Paid and Zem for Pre-Paid, their features and tariffs are given below. ZAHI Zahi is a Post-Paid brand with different packages, which are; †¢? Diamond †¢? Platinum †¢? Gold †¢? Silver ? ZAHI TARIFF: With Warid's unique billing system, one only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Package: Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 0, ` 150, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 501. 251. 000. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)2. 001. 751. 500. 50 Off-net (National)3. 002. 752. 502. 00 International (Zone 1)9. 008. 007. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)18. 0017. 0016. 0015. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 001. 000. 750. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)1. 501. 501. 250. 50 Off-net (National)2. 752. 502. 252. 00 International (Zone 1)8. 007. 006. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)17. 0016. 0015. 0015. 00 Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Short Messaging Service (SMS) On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50 Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00 International SMSRs. 5. 00 VAS (Rs. 3. per transaction) Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb Picture Messagingper 100 Kb Warid Zone Content Downloadper 100 Kb ? ? ? ? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sendi ng Notes All calls will be billed on a 30 second basis, except Off-net calls on other cellular operators, which will be billed on a per minute basis. Security Deposits will be as follows: Security Deposits NationalRs. 1,000 InternationalRs. 5,000 International RoamingRs. 20,000 The National security deposit will not apply to Diamond package, i. e. minimum security deposit will be Rs. 5,000. All free minutes and SMS are subject to taxes, however, no tax is leviable if they are marketed as bundled with line rent. Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. †¢ ZAHI FEATURES: Basic Services: Caller Line Identification (CLI): This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call: With Conference Call, you can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold: Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert: Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS): With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services: Voice Mail: Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS): With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet): Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM: Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone: The to the st ate-of-the-art SIM technology, one’s Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. ZEM Zem is Pre-Paid brand for low-lower class Zem Tariff Want a worthwhile Prepaid Package? With Warid's unique billing system, you only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Click here to compare our pre-paid tariffs with other cellular operators. Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 50 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid) 2. 00 Off-net (National) 3. 00 International (Zone 1) 9. 00 International (Zone 2) 18. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 00 On-net (Warid to Warid) 1. 50 Off-net (National) 2. 75 International (Zone 1) 8. 00 International (Zone 2) 17. 00 Scratch Cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 00, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 All scratch cards valid till 12 months Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Note: All charges are exclusive of Government taxes and levies such as sales tax at 15% and advance withholding tax at 10%. ?Short Messaging Service (SMS)? ?On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50? ?Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00? ?International SMSRs. 5. 00? ?VAS (Rs. 3. 0 0 per transaction) ? ?Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb? ?Picture Messaging & MMSper 100 Kb? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending ? ? ? ? Zem features: Basic Services Caller Line Identification (CLI) This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call With Conference Call, one can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services Voice Mail Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. , you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone The to the state-of-the-art SIM technology, your Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. Zem Scratch Cards: What is a scratch card? As the name suggests it, a scratch card is a medium of recharging your account by acquiring a 16-digit code and inputing in your mobile phone for activation of that code. Our scratch card is a recharge coupon which has a holographic scratch field. This silver panel needs to be scratched off before any usage. Denominations The scratch cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 100, 250, 500, 1000 ? ? ? Stage of PLC In the product life cycle stage Warid is new entry in market; after launching its products in Pakistan on 23rd may 2005 it is in introductory stage that can be best understood through graph, ? (5) Classification Basic classification is done on the basis of Post-Paid & Pre-Paid as per market and other Services/Features are provided in them. ? Core/Augmented product Customers are the most important element in any organization. Warid distinguishes them as our biggest assets, and we strive for excellence by listening to their needs. We work with our customers to gain an understanding of their business, their goals and their objectives, to ensure that they receive the best possible service and the right solutions to meet their demands. We seek to be trendsetters in customer service, with our ‘one stop' concept for all your telecom requirements. This will be achieved with the provision of a one window operation for on-the-spot issue resolution and one stop service. We have the maximum number of Sales and Customer Service Centers countrywide, with two state-of-the-art Contact Centers of international standards, equipped with cutting edge technologies to ensure real-time online services. Our highly trained and well-groomed team of Customer Service Executives are on hand 24 hours to provide support. We have established Corporate Lounges, with a customer-friendly environment to provide personalized care to our esteemed corporate clients. Furthermore, an extensive network of franchises, kiosks and mobile units ensure easy and convenient accessibility. Core/Augmented product of Warid is VALUE ADDED SERVICES as discussed above. Warranties and Services No sort of warranty is provided by Warid after sale but it does provide services to all the customers with it’s franchises and customer services. Warid has its network through out the cities in which it provides its services. Its network of franchises and customer service centers is discussed in next topic. Distribution Warid has PERSONAL BASE CENTERS. The description of personal base centers is given below, Franchises Warid Telecom is constantly establishing dedicated company owned sales and service centers in all the major cities and towns of Pakistan. Following is a list of the cities and the addresses of all our established franchises with our presence. ? CityAddress Lahore8 Ground Floor, Eden Centre, 43/A Jail Road, Lahore 10-A and 10 B UGF Century Towers, Lahore 25-Hunza Block Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore 7 Ground Floor Center Point main Boulevard, Gulberg Lahore 153 GT Road, Near Land Mark School, Lahore 42 Commercial Building, Jeweller Market Old Anarkali, Shahrah-e-Quaid Azam Lahore Digi Mart Sharif Chamber Ground Floor 68 Mazang Road Lhr. Opp. Micro Factory, Near PSO Petrol Pump, Main Peco Road, Lahore 39- Wahdat Road Office No. 103/10 Allama Iqbal Road, Gari Shau 34-G. T Road Shahdra 25-Empress Road, Lahore Main Boulevard Gulshan Ravi Near Zakoota Plaza, Lahore 367-E, Opposite Royal Arcade, Chungi Amer Sadhu, Main Feroze Pur Road, Lahore. Shop no 24 bagh ali road , girja chowk Lahore 7-Data Darbar, Near Palace Hotel Shell Pump Chowk Tajpura, Shadbagh, Lahore 14-A, Asif Chamber, Davis Road. Lahore 38-H Commercial LCCHS, DHA, Lahore. Shop#3, Ground Floor, M bhatti Building # E84, Main Boulevard Defence Lahore 229 Ravi Road Lahore 0-B, Shalimar Link Road, Opp Total Petrol Pump 89-A Bilal Center, Temple Road, Lahore. 2 Mcleod Road 33 Ferozepur Road 1003-Tufail Road Sadar Saraiy Rattan chind Main Bansawala Bazar, Shahalam Chowk, Lahore 946/B, Faisal Town, Maulana Shaukat Road, Lahore 35/B, Model Town Link Road E-22/29 Shaheen colony, Main walton Road 17-Commercial Area, Chouburji Chowk, Lahore. Shop No 1& 2, Raiwind Road, Near Hyundai Motors, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 17 Ghazali Road, 2nd round about. Samanabad. Lahore 17-18 Agro Squre Main Shadman Market, Shadman Lahore Civic Center Garden Town Lahore 3/NIL/B-2, College Road, Town Ship, Lahore Opp. Bagh Rahmat Trust, New Airport Road. Bhatta Chowk, Lahore 1- B, Model Town, Lahore H # 4, Jail Road, Gulberg 5 SheikhupuraBank Alfalah Lahore Sargodha Road Sheikhupura KasurChowk Masjid Noor, Kasur IslamabadShop # 5, Block 12-C, Jinnah Super, Islamabad Shop # 6, Al Malik Center, Jinnah Ave, Blue Area, Islamabad Shop # 1, Shalimar Plaza, F-10 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 78, Executive Centre, I-8 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 2, Ground Floor, Shahbaz Plaza, G-6/1, Abpara, Islamabad Shop # 1, Ground Floor, Hassan Arcade, F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Shop # 7, Al-Baber Center, Markaz F-8, Islamabad Shop No 4 Nauman Plaza I-10 Markaz Isb Office # 8, Londen shoppingcentre, G-9 murkaz TaxilaShop#1 ,haider plaza faisal shaheed road taxila RawalpindiD- 109, Main 6th Road, Sattelite Town, Rawalpindi Next to Al-Bilal Plaza, Chandini Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi Niazi Plaza Opposite Unique Bakers, Bank Road, Sadar, Rawalpindi Shop No-247-A (5 & 6) Dhamyal Road, Kalama Chowk, Kamalabad, Rawalpindi Property # 100, Near Shell Petrol Pump, Adayala Road, Rawalpindi Commercial Market Road, Opposite Bank Of Punjab. Choor Chook Main Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi Shop No. 11,212,213, Jamia Mujid Road Bunni. Office # 131,132,Ground Floor, Liaqat Road, Rawalpindi. Wah CanttB-1 Basti La La Rukh Wah Cantt AttockShop 16 Block B Civil Bazar Attock Ground Floor Main Double Road Attock AbbotabadGround Floor Gohar Arcade Supply Mnashera Road. Abbotabad Opp. Burnal College Ali Plaza Jandian Road Abbotabad PeshawarBurjaman Center Near KFC University Road Peshawar Shop 4,5,6 Aukaf Plaza YakaToot Road Peshawa r Haleem Tower Main GT Road Peshawar 24 The Mall Peshawar Cantt Ground Floor Mian Duble Road Hayataba Chowk Peshawar Tariq Sultan & co,Warid Franchise,Opp. LR Hospital, Kabli Road, Peshawer NowsheraShop 6 Army Welfare Shops Nowshera Cantt PubbiGround Floor Main Double Road Pubbi D. I. KhanMian Circular Road Near State Life Building D. I. Khan Shop 17 & 18 Aman Ullah Shopping center Double Road D. I. Khan FaisalabadAdjacent to Rayz hotel,Kotwali road, . Faisalabad Opp. To National Bank, Main SamonabadRoad, Faisalabad Old service shop, adjecent tochief boot house, katchery bazar, Faisalabad P-19/C, Main Susan Rd 213, Adjacent to Global Medical Center, Madina Town. Faisalabad Ajmal Arcade, 1st Floor, Main Rd, Betala Colony. Faisalabad Awan Plaza, Bole Di Jughi, Sargodha Rd. Faisalabad Raffaqat Plaza, Peoples Colony#1, Tanki Rd. Faisalabad Adjacent to Shaukat Khanum Lab, Main Gulberg Rd. Faisalabad Near Bata Shop, Millat Rd, Gulistan Colony#1. Faisalabad Main sadar bazar, near Aminia beakers, Gulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad. 9- Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Sahiwal275 B-1, High Street Sahiwal OkaraAhmed Telecom, Church Road, Okara SargodhaOpp. Sadique Hospital, Main Bazar Sattelite Town, Sargodha 331-C, Civil Lines, University Rd, Opp DIG House. Sargodha 1 Joiya Market, Block 8, City Rd. Sargodha GujranwalaRahwali Chowk near sugar mill,G. T. Road Rahwali Granton hotel,G. T Road, Gujranwala Ali market,bairoon khiali darwaza,hafizabad rd,Gujranwala 64-D Jinnah Statdium,Gujranwala. Model Town Market, near Yummy 36,Gujranwala Old City centre G. T Road Near Pakistan Electronics,Gujranwala PO Jalil town,Qilla Chan G. T. Road,Gujranwala Satellite Town market. beside Rex dry cleaners,Gujranwala SialkotOpp. Liberty Market, Aziz Shaheed Road,Cantt Sialkot Paris rd. near Telephone Exchange,Sialkot Abbot Road,Near KASB Bank, Sialkot Lahore Marketing,Near Sony Square, Sony Building, Alam Chowk, Sialkot. Old National Bank building , opposite Gulistan Cinema, Kashmir Road , Sialkot GujratShop #1,2 & 8. Block †C† Naseem Plaza Budkey wala Chowk Rehman Shaheed Road Gujrat opp P. S. O Petrol Pump Bus Stand ram Talai Road Mashallah Plaza,Fawara chowk, Gujrat Ajmal Traders, B 1/169, Opposite Mirza Akram Hospital, Court Road Gujrat JhelumAkram Shaheed Park, Shandar Chowk, Jhelum GTS Chowk Near DHL Office, Jehlum Sara-i-AlamgirG. T Road Sarai Alamgir HafizabadGujranwala Road Hafizabad Mandi BahauddinJalal sevices punjab online Rafique Chowk Mandi Bahauddin Ammar Telecom, Opp. NBD Bank Kechehry Road Mandi Bahudin KarachiKhayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 7, Rex Centre, Zaib-un-Nisa Street 9/1, 8th Commercial Street, Ph. IV, DHA Firdous Market, Firdous Colony, Rizvia Chowrangi Shop # 1,Minhas Electronics, I. I. Chundrigar Road Sober Center, Adamjee Nagar, Block B, Ghazi Salahuddin Road, Main Dhoerajee, CP Barrar Society Imperial Court, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 1, Building 8-D, Stadium Commercial Lane # 3, Phase 5, DHA Shop # FL-10/3, Block 5, Gulshan -e-Iqbal, Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 38/39, GF, Hashoo Terrace, Fl # 7 , Block 5, Clifton B 25, SMCHS, Shahra-e-Faisal Shop # 12, UBL Building, Gurumandir B 253, Block L, N. Nazimabad Shop # 1&2, Shah Faisal plaza North nazimabad Block B SC14/1, Sector 11/H, North 11th Commercial Street, Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 1-2, Plot # 5E, 8th Zam Zama Commercial Lane, Phase V, DHA Shop # 4-5, Falak Naz Arcade, Shahr-e-Faisal Shop # 29, Hassan ali centre, M. A jinnah road Karimabad, near Mina Bazar, Federal B Area Opp. English biscuits Factory, KIA Plot # 185, Sector 11-L, Main ZMC Road, Orangi Town Abul Hasan Isphahani Road, near IBA Gate University of Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot # H 6/1 Showroom # 1, Main National Highway, Quidabad Lahandi Shop # 3-19, DMCHS, near Gahni Sons, Tariq Road 1-D, Main Sunset Boulevard, Phase 2, Defence Shop #23, RusiLake Drive,Block 18, Gulistan Johar Shop # C-2/3, Al Hassan Plaza, Block # 13-A. Gulistan Iqbal QuettaMetha Mehal Street Shop # 11, Gulistan Road, Opp. IG Office Main Jinnah Road, Idara-e-Saqafat Satellite Town, near Jillani Hospital HyderabadShop # 1, Safia High School, Saddar Cantt, Opp. Faran Hotel Shop # 14-25, Ward of Gul Center, Thandi Sadak Shop # 14, American Centre Tilak, Chari Road SukkerApwa Shopping Centre, near Dolphin Bakers, Main Queens Road Shop # 4-5, Sidra Terrace, Minara Road MultanShop # 13-14-15, Areej Commercial Centre, Old Ttehsil Chowk, Gulgasht Colony Bosan Road Shop # 1, Makkah Arcade, Near PTCL Exchange, LMQ Road, Dera Adda House # 1879-F/1, Khanewal Road Shop # 2-3-91, United Square, Nusrat Road, SP Chowk. Multan Cantt Shop # 36, Rahma Commercial Centre, Kutcheri Road BahawalpurCircular Road Near Fawara Chowk MuzzafargarhOpp. Fiaz Park, near National Bank Rahim Yar Khan28 model town, Adjacent Daewoo Booking Office ? ? ? Market Coverage Warid has covered 9. 782 % of total market share Warid’ s connections 1,800,000 Total Mobile users 18,400,233 Warid’s share 9. 782485 % (According to graph of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority given on pg. no. 07) ? ? Channel Structure Warid is having its Main/Head office in EFU House Building Lahore, with its Business Centre in Lahore Center Plaza on main boulevard Lahore. Warid has its basic distribution centers in all 28 cities of Pakistan as discussed above. Logistics/Physical Distribution Warid is manufacturing its products i. e. SIM outside the country with its central warehouse in Lahore and 03 regional warehouses in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Pricing Pricing is simple and is provided above with tariff of Zahi and Zem. Additionally, Warid comprises no hidden charges. Mark-ups Mark-up is kept confidential and no information provided by them. ? Discount/Allowance Discount and allowances are provided only on corporate level. Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies is kept confidential and no information provided by them. Promotion Warid is promoting its trough all the means available. ? Advertisement Warid is using both, ATL (Above The Line) and BTL (Below The Line) advertisement for its products. Role of Personal Selling Role of personal selling is used by Warid through †¢? Interaction †¢? Events †¢? Shopping Centers Activities Publicity and Public Relations Warid is keeping public relationing and publicity in mind and doing great work on it, it has helped by 120 Million Rs. Relief fund in earth quick disaster. Sales/Trade Promotion Warid is doing Sales/Trade Promotions but kept confidential. Ethical issues associated with this product Warid is care full about ethical issues associated with its products but does not open them as per strict confidentially concern. International marketing activities/opportunities Warid is on availing international market and opportunities and hence it is launching its services in †¢? Bangladesh †¢? Afghanistan †¢? Sri Lanka ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY ? (1): (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ? www. pta. gov. pk ) (2): (Source: Calls to Service Centers of respective networks Warid: 111-111-321 U-fone: 111 -333-100 Mobilink: 111-300-500 Telenor: 111-345-100 Paktel: 111-222-111 Instaphone: 111-500-500) (3): www. quickmba. com (4): www. waridtel. cpm. pk