The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Rich

A few years ago, my family and I had a drunk driver crash through our front yard. This person tore up grass, destroyed pine tree, and broke numerous lawn ornaments. Less than twenty minutes before this drunk driver went through our yard, my mom and I had been walking our dogs, and if the drunk driver had gone through any earlier, my mom and I both would have been hit. This driver also destroyed a garbage barrel, and almost slammed into an electrical pole. In a way, the drunk driver had been lucky when he went through our yard, especially when we had just taken a gigantic walnut tree out of our yard two or three years prior. The driver also had two passengers with him, a woman, and a small child. The child passenger had been unbuckled, and amazingly, was not thrown from the rear of the vehicle. After going through our yard, the drunk driver had oil leaking from his car, at least two flat tires, and damage to the front of his car. Eventually, the drunk driver was caught by the police, and placed in jail. The insurance company that represents my family assessed the damage done, and said that the total cost of the damage would equal almost two thousand dollars. The driver was only required to pay my family three hundred dollars and nothing more than this amount. After receiving this amount, my family and I never heard anything else about the driver who had destroyed our yard, and have not received any other dollar amount since that incident. Looking back on this, I wonder if there is anything that allows a drunk driver to be sued for destroying a person’s property. In the article, The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Richardson Jr. (2008), the authors make the statement that driving under the... ...Policy Studies Journal, 36(4), 545-569. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00283.x Carpenter, C. (2004). How do Zero Tolerance Drunk Driving Laws work? Journal of Health Economics, 23(1), 61-83. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.08.005 Chang, K., Wu, C., & Ying, Y. (2012). The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 406-415. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.008 Cismaru, M., Lavack, A. M., & Markewich, E. (2009). Social marketing campaigns aimed at preventing drunk driving : A review and recommendations. International Marketing Review, 26(3), 292-311. doi:10.1108/02651330910960799 Voas, R. B., Romano, E., & Peck, R. (2009). Validity of surrogate measures of alcohol involvement when applied to nonfatal crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41(3), 522-530. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.004

Desert Places

Desert Places by Robert Frost Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast In a field I looked into going past, And the ground almost covered smooth in snow, But a few weeds and stubble showing last. The woods around it have it – it is theirs. All animals are smothered in their lairs. I am too absent-spirited to count; The loneliness includes me unawares. And lonely as it is, that loneliness Will be more lonely ere it will be less – A blanker whiteness of benighted snow With no expression, nothing to express.They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home To scare myself with my own desert places In the poem â€Å"Desert Places† by Robert Frost, The speaker is a lonely man who is not feeling a sense of belonging within himself. Also winter does not offer to help the lonely man. Instead it assists his feelings of loneliness. â€Å"And the ground almost covered smooth in snow† (line 3). As line three indicates, the speaker is watching an empty field being covered by more and more snow.This connotes concealing the beauty of the field. The snow imagery communicates the feelings of disappointing winter and emptiness. The observation of loneliness in winter and isolation from the world is nothing compare to the feelings of loneliness and emptiness within. This meaning is effectively communicated by the poem’s imagery and by the denotation and connotation of the words Frost has chosen. In the first stanza, the setting is developed with the use of words ‘night’ and ‘snow’ and they both carry negative connotation.Snow is employed throughout the poem to show the lack of identity; it also has characteristics of cold and formless white sheet. This observations show an image of snow falling fast, destroying the beauty of the field and covering up everything that is living. Similarly the ‘night’ has a negative connotation of darkne ss, the blackness and visionless that signals the depression and loneliness that the speaker is feeling. The concept of ‘falling fast’ both words which are mentioned twice in the first line of the first stanza, suggests descending uncontrollable and unstoppable.All four words create images that describe the mood of the speaker’s inescapable depression as result of the ‘ground covered smooth in the snow’ (3) and the feeling of emptiness within. In the second stanza the word ‘theirs’ denotes belonging; explaining the woods have something to feel a part of. The speaker still feels lonely. Also the word ‘smothered’ denotes suffocation and blockage. Although the animals are ‘smothered’ by the snow and feel helpless and alone, they are smothered in ‘their lairs’.The last line of the second stanza is really important because the word ‘loneliness’ is mentioned for the first time in the poem. Th e world ‘loneliness’ denotes without company and isolated. In line seven, the speaker is ‘too absent-spirited to count,’ he is sadly alone. In the eighth line ‘the loneliness includes me unaware,’ the speaker notices unexpectedly he too is included in the ‘loneliness. ’ It is not just the animals and the empty field covered with snow the speaker is blaming of being lonely but also himself as well.The speaker loses enthusiasm. In the third stanza, It is the most straightforward and haunting stanza of the poem because it practically induces ‘loneliness’ into the reader. ‘Lonely’ and ‘loneliness’ are mentioned three times in this stanza. ‘Will be more lonely ere it will be less—’ (10) The speaker admits that the weather and more so him feeling lonely will only get worse before it gets better. The word ‘blanker’ and ‘benighted’ are used in this stanza to give imagery of how empty and lonesome the persona is feeling.In line twelve, the imagery of depression and absence of identity is furthermore supported when the speaker compares himself to the snow to say ‘With no expression, nothing to express’ (12) mentioning his lack of identity and him falling into loneliness. The fourth and last stanza is where the speaker is most confident. The word ‘scare’ is mentioned twice in this stanza and it denotes fear. In the first line of the fourth stanza the speaker says he worries no more of empty and lonely spaces. The word ‘star’ denotes space, but it also connotes to an example of loneliness ‘where no human race is. (14) The speaker does not coward anymore of lonely empty spaces, he does not need empty fields covered with formless snow and space filled with loneliness to scare him; it’s already inside of him. The last line of the poem ‘To scare myself with my own desert places,â€⠄¢ (16) contain an image which displays Frost’s thought that fear comes from within oneself rather than without. No matter how you view or understand this poem ‘Desert places’ by Robert Frost; we can all agree that imagery, connotation, and denotation play an important role in explaining the poem’s total meaning.

Cross-Cultural Differences Between Doing Business In...

As we revel in the wake of Globalization, models of organizations and styles of management are becoming increasingly similar. However, this conversion has a limit. Some cross-cultural differences will not disappear so easily and managers will have to understand and appreciate these cultural ‘oddities if they wish to run a successful business. Let us take China and France as examples of two very different countries that may have cross-cultural problems while doing business. First we will give a general overview of the two countries and then discuss some management practices that may vary between these eastern and western cultures. General Overview: France #61607; Geographical location: Western Europe #61607; Population:†¦show more content†¦Foreign women are generally accepted in business, though they may be flirted with on occasion. Women are better accepted in management positions in the major cities than the provinces. China #61607; Geographical location: Eastern Asia #61607; Population: 1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.) #61607; Language(s): The national language is Putonghua (the common speech) or Mandarin. Most of the 55 minority nationalities have their own languages. As a written language, Chinese has been used for 6,000 years. #61607; Economic status: Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2004 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still poor. #61607; Political system: Traditionally Communist. The President and Vice-President of the Peoples Republic of China are elected by the National Peoples Congress. Their term of office is five years. #61607; Religion: Officially atheist. #61607; Status of women: The social status of Chinese women has changed dramatically in recent years. China was one of the first signatories of the Convention on The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The number of women in managing positions is growing. 1) Summarize how the management practice is conducted in each culture A) Teamwork France Since the FrenchShow MoreRelatedCross-Cultural Differences Between Doing Business in France and China2094 Words   |  9 Pagesthis conversion has a limit. Some cross-cultural differences will not disappear so easily and managers will have to understand and appreciate these cultural ‘oddities if they wish to run a successful business. Let us take China and France as examples of two very different countries that may have cross-cultural problems while doing business. First we will give a general overview of the two countries and then discuss some management practices that may vary between these eastern and western culturesRead MoreAdjusting to Cultural Change1761 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Adjusting to cultural change: How U.S. business men and women have to adjust to various cultural changers to succeed in the international market. Abstract Culture inevitably influences the needs and desires of consumers of particular countries and socialized groups, consequently, businesses, in order to succeed have to be aware of cultural interests and target their products and operations to cultural demands. Succeeding necessitates knowing the factors that crisscross with the other culture andRead MoreCross Cultural Issues of Ikeas Operation in Different Countires1611 Words   |  7 PagesCross cultural issues should be carefully considered whilst IKEA is operating as different countries will have different values, beliefs and attitudes. This would help ensure IKEA is operating ethically and responsibly within their countries of operation. Cross Cultural issues are an example of a major factor which encourages the success of multinational businesses. A majority of successful businesses have increased their competition and emerged into more countries. Multinational companies suchRead MoreManaging Across Borders and Cultures Essay2184 Words   |  9 PagesCritically evaluate the relevance of cross cultural management issues within international business and discuss why companies fail to underline the need for cross cultural understanding. Introduction In today’s world, culture is hard to ignore. It affects the way people dress, what they eat, what religion they follow and also the places they go. Culture is essentially a set of shared beliefs, social norms, organizational roles and inherited values (Lee, 2005) that affects everyday life inRead MoreChallenges Faced By Global Marketing1312 Words   |  6 Pagesof doing business by using different marketing tools, especially focus on customer demands is also known as marketing. As the world has grown smaller, an increasing number of companies have been trying to reach new markets. Large businesses often have offices in the foreign countries. The main problem is the obstacle to understanding customer behavior. This essay will highlight the difficulties facing companies from legal constraints and the problems that create from inadequate cross cultural strategyRead MoreCross-Cultural Challenges When Doing Business in China3410 Words   |  14 PagesManagement Cross-cultural challenges when doing business in China.(Research Note) Abstract With the globalisation of world business, China has become an appealing æÅ"‰å  ¸Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¥Å â€ºÃ§Å¡â€žmarket for foreign investors. The problem of cross-cultural management arises as the cooperation between China and its culturally different Western partners continues to increase at an unprecedentedæâ€"  Ã¥â€° Ã¤ ¾â€¹Ã§Å¡â€ž rate. This paper presents an understanding on the general cultural differences between America and China by applying the cultural dimensionsRead MoreOpening Of A New Theme Park2880 Words   |  12 PagesExecutive Summary: This case study is conducted on opening of a new theme park in Paris named as Euro Disney. Opening of this theme park resulted in a failure which was due to many reasons which at first includes the cross cultural differences in their operation in America and France. There were problems related to operations and staffing as well. Policy of Disney for having no alcohol to be served in its hotels and restaurants was having a very bad impact on the French people who cannot have a singleRead MoreWorld s Most Fastest Growing Economy With Top Exporting Companies And Huge Amount Of Foreign Investments1673 Words   |  7 Pages ASSIGNMENT 3 LEARNING JOURNAL CULTURE AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS SANTHEESH STUDENT ID 17951865 Introduction China is world s most fastest growing economy with top exporting companies and huge amount of foreign investments. Global financial crisis happened during 2009 due to collapse of international market hit china hard initially but its economy was the first one to rebound and return to growth. Now in 2014 country s Purchasing Managers IndexRead MoreCultural Management Issues in the Tourism Industry3782 Words   |  15 PagesTable of Contents Introduction Cross Cultural theorists Discussion/Analysis Conclusions Recommendations References Appendices Introduction In this briefing new employee human resources, we will be considering cultural management issues in the tourist industry and how they impact upon our business. Our company, Beach Bum Ltd is a travel consultancy Agency which was recently hired to provide a critical analysis on whether or not sustainable tours can attract American ecological tourists to travelRead MoreFailures of the Wahaha Joint Venture Company2603 Words   |  10 PagesStrategic asset and capability seekers, develop their portfolio of assets in order to be sustainable and competitive while efficiency seekers attempt to secure the benefit of consumer diverse preferences and supply effectiveness. Regarding international business, foreign direct investment is crucial as it supplies the home country or the local firm new markets opportunities, reduced cost of production, introduction of new technology, products, skills and funding. This investment initiates the economic growth Cross-Cultural Differences Between Doing Business in... As we revel in the wake of Globalization, models of organizations and styles of management are becoming increasingly similar. However, this conversion has a limit. Some cross-cultural differences will not disappear so easily and managers will have to understand and appreciate these cultural ‘oddities if they wish to run a successful business. Let us take China and France as examples of two very different countries that may have cross-cultural problems while doing business. First we will give a general overview of the two countries and then discuss some management practices that may vary between these eastern and western cultures. General Overview: France #61607; Geographical location: Western Europe #61607; Population:†¦show more content†¦Long-term rewards are expected as a result of todays hard work. - Collectivism Perhaps due to Chinas Communist background, the collectivist spirit is still very apparent in the country. This creates very strong and loyal relationships between people/groups. - Very unequal power and wealth The Chinese government preserves their high level of unequal power and wealth, accepted as a cultural heritage. This again, makes it very difficult for people to move upward within the society. - Readily Accepts Change In contrast to the catholic France, China has been officially recognized as Atheist by the State. That makes the Chinese less concerned about ambiguity and uncertainty and more open to diversity. In China, people are less rule-oriented and are more likely to accept changes and take risks. 3) Advise managers from each culture how they could be more successful managing in the other culture. Let my house not be walled on four sides, let all the windows be open, let all the cultures blow in, but let no culture blow me off my feet - Mahatma Gandhi The French in China There are several aspects of the Chinese business culture that a French manager should consider in order to increase his/her effectiveness: #61607; Making Appointments: Being late for an appointment is considered a serious insult in Chinese business culture. Most Chinese workers take a break between 12:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. Practically everythingShow MoreRelatedCross-Cultural Differences Between Doing Business In France And China1962 Words   |  8 Pagesthis conversion has a limit. Some cross-cultural differences will not disappear so easily and managers will have to understand and appreciate these cultural ‘oddities if they wish to run a successful business. Let us take China and France as examples of two very different countries that may have cross-cultural problems while doing business. First we will give a general overview of the two countries and then discuss some management practices that may vary between these eastern and western culturesRead MoreAdjusting to Cultural Change1761 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Adjusting to cultural change: How U.S. business men and women have to adjust to various cultural changers to succeed in the international market. Abstract Culture inevitably influences the needs and desires of consumers of particular countries and socialized groups, consequently, businesses, in order to succeed have to be aware of cultural interests and target their products and operations to cultural demands. Succeeding necessitates knowing the factors that crisscross with the other culture andRead MoreCross Cultural Issues of Ikeas Operation in Different Countires1611 Words   |  7 PagesCross cultural issues should be carefully considered whilst IKEA is operating as different countries will have different values, beliefs and attitudes. This would help ensure IKEA is operating ethically and responsibly within their countries of operation. Cross Cultural issues are an example of a major factor which encourages the success of multinational businesses. A majority of successful businesses have increased their competition and emerged into more countries. Multinational companies suchRead MoreManaging Across Borders and Cultures Essay2184 Words   |  9 PagesCritically evaluate the relevance of cross cultural management issues within international business and discuss why companies fail to underline the need for cross cultural understanding. Introduction In today’s world, culture is hard to ignore. It affects the way people dress, what they eat, what religion they follow and also the places they go. Culture is essentially a set of shared beliefs, social norms, organizational roles and inherited values (Lee, 2005) that affects everyday life inRead MoreChallenges Faced By Global Marketing1312 Words   |  6 Pagesof doing business by using different marketing tools, especially focus on customer demands is also known as marketing. As the world has grown smaller, an increasing number of companies have been trying to reach new markets. Large businesses often have offices in the foreign countries. The main problem is the obstacle to understanding customer behavior. This essay will highlight the difficulties facing companies from legal constraints and the problems that create from inadequate cross cultural strategyRead MoreCross-Cultural Challenges When Doing Business in China3410 Words   |  14 PagesManagement Cross-cultural challenges when doing business in China.(Research Note) Abstract With the globalisation of world business, China has become an appealing æÅ"‰å  ¸Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¥Å â€ºÃ§Å¡â€žmarket for foreign investors. The problem of cross-cultural management arises as the cooperation between China and its culturally different Western partners continues to increase at an unprecedentedæâ€"  Ã¥â€° Ã¤ ¾â€¹Ã§Å¡â€ž rate. This paper presents an understanding on the general cultural differences between America and China by applying the cultural dimensionsRead MoreOpening Of A New Theme Park2880 Words   |  12 PagesExecutive Summary: This case study is conducted on opening of a new theme park in Paris named as Euro Disney. Opening of this theme park resulted in a failure which was due to many reasons which at first includes the cross cultural differences in their operation in America and France. There were problems related to operations and staffing as well. Policy of Disney for having no alcohol to be served in its hotels and restaurants was having a very bad impact on the French people who cannot have a singleRead MoreWorld s Most Fastest Growing Economy With Top Exporting Companies And Huge Amount Of Foreign Investments1673 Words   |  7 Pages ASSIGNMENT 3 LEARNING JOURNAL CULTURE AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS SANTHEESH STUDENT ID 17951865 Introduction China is world s most fastest growing economy with top exporting companies and huge amount of foreign investments. Global financial crisis happened during 2009 due to collapse of international market hit china hard initially but its economy was the first one to rebound and return to growth. Now in 2014 country s Purchasing Managers IndexRead MoreCultural Management Issues in the Tourism Industry3782 Words   |  15 PagesTable of Contents Introduction Cross Cultural theorists Discussion/Analysis Conclusions Recommendations References Appendices Introduction In this briefing new employee human resources, we will be considering cultural management issues in the tourist industry and how they impact upon our business. Our company, Beach Bum Ltd is a travel consultancy Agency which was recently hired to provide a critical analysis on whether or not sustainable tours can attract American ecological tourists to travelRead MoreFailures of the Wahaha Joint Venture Company2603 Words   |  10 PagesStrategic asset and capability seekers, develop their portfolio of assets in order to be sustainable and competitive while efficiency seekers attempt to secure the benefit of consumer diverse preferences and supply effectiveness. Regarding international business, foreign direct investment is crucial as it supplies the home country or the local firm new markets opportunities, reduced cost of production, introduction of new technology, products, skills and funding. This investment initiates the economic growth

Cheating with Technology

Educators are showing serious concern about cheating in high schools and for good reason. Cheating has become commonplace in high schools, largely because students are using technology to gather and share information in rather innovation ways. Since students are a little more tech-savvy than many adults, grownups are always playing catch-up when it comes to finding out what students are up to. But this technology-centered cat-and-mouse activity can be fatal to your educational future. Students start to blur the ethical boundaries and think it’s OK to do many things, simply because they’ve gotten away with them in the past. There’s a big catch to blurring the line when it comes to cheating. While parents and high school teachers might be less savvy than their students about using cell phones and calculators to share work, and too overworked to catch cheaters, college professors are a little different. They have graduate assistants, college honor courts, and cheat-detecting software that they can tap into. The bottom line is that students can develop habits in high school that will get them expelled when they use them in college, and sometimes students won’t even realize their â€Å"habits† are illegal. Unintentional Cheating Since students use tools and techniques that have not been used before, they might not always know what really constitutes cheating. For your information, the following activities constitute cheating. Some of these can even get you kicked out of college. Buying a paper from an Internet siteSharing homework answers via IMs, email, text messaging, or any other deviceUsing a whiteboard to share answersHaving another student write a paper for youCutting and pasting text from the Internet without citing itUsing sample essays from the InternetUsing text messaging to tell somebody else an answerProgramming notes into your calculatorTaking and/or sending a cell phone picture of test material or notesVideo recording lectures with cell phones and replaying during testSurfing web for answers during a testUsing a pager to receive information during a testViewing notes on your PDA, electronic calendar, cell phone, or other devices during a testStoring definitions in a graphing calculator or cell phoneBreaking into the teacher’s computer filesUsing a watch to hold notesUsing a laser pen to â€Å"write† and send answers If you’ve been transmitting answers to homework or test questions, there’s a pretty good chance you’ve been cheating—even though it might have been unintentional. Unfortunately, there’s an old saying that states â€Å"ignorance of the law is no excuse,† and when it comes to cheating, that old saying holds up. If you cheat, even by accident, you’re risking your academic career.

Self Realization Of Women Novels Of Githa Hariharan

Self-realization of women in novels of Githa Hariharan. Abstract- The Indian English Literature focuses on its own culture heritage, modernization of values and systems, Indian consciousness and sensibility. In the decade of sixties Indian novel in English acquired a private tone and exploration of inner life received focus at the hands of a number of Indian women novelists led by Anita Desai. In fact, the heroines of Anita Desai’s novels are hypersensitive and introverts, caught up in the vortex of domestic turmoil, enjoying brief moments of escape through protest.The legacy of Anita Desai was passed on to a number of Indian women novelists who emerged in the decades of the eighties and ineties viz. Githa Hariharan, Manju Kapur, Shashi†¦show more content†¦The quality and nature of literary work depends on the writer’s attitude of mind. They not only receive from the society but return it back to the society. The show the real face of society and various aspects of life is also revealed. A writer also intervenes th rough his/her work to reform the society we live in. There are two types of writers: conservative minded writer will emphasise the traditional ways of life. He will respect and have faith on age old ideas and ways of life. While aprogressive writer will not believe on age old practice rather he will show that these traditional ideas are only curtailment of natural freedom of man and woman. Githa Hariharan is among such ever– memorable progressive writer who has firmly expressed the complex relationship of culture and its art. She is a progressive writer who not only rejects her ties from the society but through her works simultaneously reveal the suppressed feelings and sufferings of women in patriarchy and at the same time attempt to celebrate feminine selfhood and freedom. In fact, Githa Hariharan shot into fame with her very first novel which won for her Commonwealth prize for the best debut fiction by a Eurasian author. The Novel is named The Thousand Faces of Night (1992). She grew up in Bombay but moved to the U.S.A. for a job in a television company. But she came back to India and worked as a freelance journalist as well as an editor for a newspaper. She has

Why We Should Change School Lunches free essay sample

Why don’t they cook the food at school and serve us fresh food instead of reheat food? The food would be more nutritous that way too. I would like to have some more choices for lunch. If I don’t want to eat spaghetti and meatballs and that is the only thing that is being offered that day, I will either not eat it and be hungry or eat it and be unhappy. Why not give us two hot meals to choose from so that kids don’t have to eat what they don’t like? So if I don’t want to eat spaghetti and meatballs I can have a grilled cheese sandwich instead. Beverages are important to kids too. A lot of my friends take the milk but don’t drink it. Milk is good with cookies and cereal but for lunch and dinner juice is better. So instead of milk they should give us apple or grape juice to drink. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Should Change School Lunches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Juice is nutritous and there would be less wasted milk at the end of the day. School lunch could be better. It can be fresher, there should be more foods choices to select from and milk should be replaced by juice. Eating lunch should be a positive experiences and by making some changes, it can be,

The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Essay Example

The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Paper I disagree with the statement above. Primarily, the main purpose of the Great Panathenaia was to in the same as in the Lesser Panathenaia. The Lesser Panathenaia sought to honour the deity Athena by the means of a procession which started at the Diplyon Gate and headed through the city to the Acropolis. To honour Athena, the Athenians sacrificed many cows and sheep. The peplos was made by the women of Athens Polias in her temple. The Lesser Panathenaia also had many sporting events like traditional dancing, boat racing and a torch lit race, etc. The Lesser Panathenaia was a local event, in which only Athenians could take part, so they could not have been possibly be showing off their greatness. Later in 566 BCE, the Athenian tyrant Pisistratos expanded the Lesser Panathenaia into the Great Panathenaia, which was modelled on the Olympic and Pythian Games. The new sporting events introduced from the Olympic Games included running, equestrian events such as chariot racing and the pentathlon. The musical events included rhapsodes (reciters of poetry) retelling passages from Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad. There were also competitions for who could best play and accompany the lyre and aulos. As a result of these new events being introduced, new introduced and spectators began to come from all over the Greek world. Some also argue that in the Great Panathenaia, a very large peplos (robe) was made foe Athena Parthenos. The aim was the same, however if an additional peplos was made for Athena Parthenos in the Great Panathenaia, then in that year the Athenians had expanded their festival to honour both Athena Polias and Athena Parthenos. We will write a custom essay sample on The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Athenians themselves were not trying to show off their greatness, instead the effects of the expansion of the festival made it seem that way. The introduction of new events, attracted more participants and spectators, who saw the wealth of the Athens, which by reflected in the new grand festival. They also saw the great architecture of Athens, and in particular by looking at the new temples which were recently built in the 5th century BCE, such as Parthenon on the Acropolis. The prizes of the events also increased Athenian prestige, such as amphorae of olive oil. They gave olive oil because Athena’s present to Athens was an olive tree and by giving the victors olive oil, they kept the tradition. However, as a result, it showed their wealth in oil, so that60 amphorae of oil could be given to a winner of chariot racing and one amphora contained 40L of oil. The amphorae of oil also contained paintings of the sporting events on one side and a picture of Athena Polias on the other side. This indirectly showed of the skills of Athens in arts, painting and pottery. The prizes of the musical events involved olive crowns in gold and shoed Athens’ wealth. The fact they also gave prizes to the second place winners also showed their wealth. Taken together, the expanded games and expensive prizes given to both first and second place contestants served to showed the greatness of Athens, and increase its prestige. However, welcome to the Athenians, the primarily purpose to honour the city’s goddess was served.